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The document reviews various hair and nail disorders, their causes, and treatments, emphasizing the need for proper diagnosis and the link between nail changes and systemic diseases.

The girl's unexpected pubic hair growth led to a diagnosis different from complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Hormonal status significantly affects women's skin health throughout their lives.

The document concludes that various childhood hair and nail disorders exist, some may improve on their own, and advances in genetics and immunology could enhance treatment and counseling.

Understanding hair biology is key to developing better treatments for hair and scalp issues.

The document suggests recognizing "trichiatrists" as doctors specializing in hair and scalp health, using evidence-based treatments.

More research is needed to understand hair and scalp disorders in people with skin of color.

PRP treatment helps hair growth and reduces hair loss in women, but more research needed.

The document concludes that autoimmune skin disorders are treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs.

Childhood hair and scalp disorders can be managed with treatments like cortisone and corticosteroids.

The research provides a gene-based framework for hair biology, highlighting the Hippo pathway's importance and suggesting links between hair disorders, cancer pathways, and the immune system.

Dermatoscopy is a useful tool for diagnosing hair disorders and can help choose samples for more detailed analysis.

The document concludes that periocular hair disorders have various causes and treatments, and proper evaluation by specialists is important for management and prognosis.

Trichoscopy is a useful tool for diagnosing hair disorders without pulling out hair.

White piedra is a rare hair infection treated with oral and topical antifungals.

Thallium, mercury, selenium, and colchicine strongly cause hair loss.

Some herbal treatments are effective for skin disorders, but more research and regulation are needed.

Existing drug dexamethasone may lower death risk in severe COVID-19 cases; more research needed for other drugs.

A new gene variant in the DSP gene is linked to a unique type of hair loss.

All immigrant workers in the study had skin problems, with fungal nail infections, athlete's foot, and acne or folliculitis being most common, affecting their quality of life, yet they didn't seek medical help.

Nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic condition that can cause early puberty and fertility problems, treated with specific steroids.

Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.

The document concludes that proper recognition and treatment of skin appendage disorders are important for management.

Genetic mutations can cause hair growth disorders by affecting key genes and signaling pathways.

Autophagy is important for human hair growth and health.

Methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis often causes side effects like diarrhea, fatigue, and hair loss, especially at higher doses.

Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D2 Synthase (L-PGDS) is a protein that plays many roles in the body, including sleep regulation, pain management, food intake, and protection against harmful substances. It also affects fat metabolism, glucose intolerance, cell maturation, and is involved in various diseases like diabetes, cancer, and arthritis. It can influence sex organ development and embryonic cell differentiation, and its levels can be used as a diagnostic marker for certain conditions.

Scientists can mimic hair disorders by altering genes in lab-grown human hair follicles, but these follicles lack some features of natural ones.

Genetic mutations can affect female sexual development, requiring personalized medical care.

A woman with childhood growth hormone deficiency had multiple hormone deficiencies and developed serious lung and kidney problems later in life.