30 citations,
April 2017 in “Journal of structural biology” Human hair keratin fibers have a detailed nano-scale structure that changes with different conditions.
15 citations,
July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
10 citations,
September 2020 in “Biopolymers” Hair's structure and properties change with pH; acidic pH maintains strength and less swelling, while alkaline pH increases water content and swelling.
7 citations,
December 2011 in “Annals of anatomy” Involucrin helps strengthen the inner parts of human hair.
December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Keratin proteins are crucial for hair structure and strength.
12 citations,
February 1998 in “Gene” The B2 genes are crucial for hair growth in rats.
10 citations,
November 2016 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A tough membrane between the outer and inner layers of human hair protects it from damage.
6 citations,
January 2009 in “Elsevier eBooks” The skin has multiple layers and cells, serves as a protective barrier, helps regulate temperature, enables sensation, affects appearance, and is involved in vitamin D synthesis.
46 citations,
July 2007 in “Journal of comparative neurology” Manatee whiskers are specially adapted for touch in water.
4 citations,
January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Hair and wool strength is affected by the number and type of bonds in their protein structures, with hair having more protein aggregates than wool.
May 2016 in “Research opinions in animal & veterinary sciences” Maternal aspartame consumption during pregnancy leads to skin damage and higher apoptosis in newborn rat offspring.
39 citations,
April 2020 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Asian hair is generally straight and thick, with unique disorders and properties, and more research is needed to understand it fully.
20 citations,
January 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology” Hair gets thinner, grayer, and changes texture with age due to genetics, environment, and cellular changes, affecting the growth cycle.
January 2023 in “Vìsnik problem bìologìï ì medicini” Androgenic alopecia causes hair follicle degradation and skin restructuring, but some hair elements remain.
8 citations,
July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Marsupial hair structure and keratin distribution are similar to placental mammals.
February 2024 in “Medicina” AFM can diagnose hair disorders by revealing detailed hair surface changes.
13 citations,
May 2016 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” Keratin's mechanical properties are influenced by hydrogen bonds and secondary structure, and can be improved with the SPD-2 peptide.
106 citations,
February 2014 in “eLife” Lanceolate complexes in mouse hair follicles are essential for touch and depend on specific cells for maintenance and regeneration.
62 citations,
January 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” A second domain of high sulfur KAP genes on chromosome 21q23 is crucial for hair structure.
51 citations,
January 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Scientists discovered a unique hair protein, KAP24.1, with a special structure, found only in the upper part of hair cuticles.
37 citations,
October 2015 in “PeerJ” Perming significantly changes hair's molecular structure, while shampoo and conditioner do not.
1 citations,
January 2017 in “Springer eBooks” The document explains how hair follicles develop, their structure, and how they grow.
28 citations,
November 2018 in “Journal of structural biology” Different populations have distinct hair structures related to their ancestry.
20 citations,
June 2012 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Bleaching hair damages protein structure, especially keratin, leading to weakened hair.
19 citations,
January 2009 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Hair's strength and flexibility come from its protein structure and molecular interactions.
17 citations,
July 2014 in “Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine” Abnormal cuticle and hair shaft medulla cause hair loss in androgenetic alopecia; sonography helps diagnose and manage it.
9 citations,
June 2008 in “Springer eBooks” Understanding hair follicle structure is key for treating hair disorders and could help develop new treatments.
2 citations,
July 2023 in “Cosmetics” Surfactants in shampoos and conditioners remove some but not all lipids from hair, and more research is needed to understand their full impact.
2 citations,
March 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Human hair structure varies by ethnicity, and certain treatments can improve hair condition and appearance.
October 2015 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair straightening changes hair structure and can cause damage if done wrong, but improvements in the methods are expected to continue.