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Curly and straight hair differ in how their internal fibers are arranged.

In this study, researchers found that the curliness of human hair is associated with an asymmetric structure at the cellular level, particularly in the differentiation of the precortex.

This study found that treating hair with ATS, formed from fumaric acid and cysteamine, effectively improved hair quality by increasing moisture content and altering the internal structure of strong curls.

This study concluded that the curliness of human hair, regardless of ethnicity, originates from the inhomogeneous internal nanostructure due to differences in the distribution of two types of cortices.

This review discusses the limitations of current hair classification systems and highlights the need for standardized reporting of key hair characteristics to improve study comparisons; it reports no new results.

This study hypothesizes that curly hair is shaped by the contraction of the Arrector Pili Muscle within the follicle, potentially modifiable through muscle-relaxing treatments, but further research is needed to confirm this mechanism.

This small study reports that a 6-group geometric classification method is more reliable for classifying human hair curl, although a digital system could further reduce errors.

This study concluded that the process of mummification disfigures facial features, making identification challenging, but commercial shrunken heads retain more defining features compared to ceremonial ones.

This study found that examining hair morphology provides deeper insights than classification, suggesting a potential population stratification artefact between hair curvature and cross-sectional shapes in the examined admixed African-European sample.

This study found statistically significant patterns in hair morphology and ultrastructure linked to biogeographic ancestry among European, African, and East Asian populations.

This article reviews various hair transplant techniques and procedures across different ethnic groups but does not provide new clinical results, highlighting the need for tailored approaches in diverse populations.

Various techniques and tools for hair restoration were presented in 1998, including a mathematical model for donor area, use of lasers in surgery, methods for controlling grafted hair direction, and ways to increase graft yield. Satisfaction rates were around 39%, and studies showed trauma and dehydration can damage hair follicles.

This study reviews the biology and cosmetic treatment of hair, emphasizing future advancements in safer, more effective procedures to meet consumer needs for hair care.

In this study, researchers found that the lipid composition in hair significantly affects water diffusion and may explain differences in dyeing and cosmetic treatment responses between Asian and European hair, with CP2 fibers having more lipids than CP3 fibers.

This study found that chemical hair straightening significantly reduced hair curl and improved smoothness and shine, but did not significantly affect transverse fissures or split ends, indicating potential benefits with some side effects.

This paper explores the diverse patterns and social significance of Black hair, approaching it as an art form, mathematical pattern, and ethnomathematic entity, and seeks to dispel myths while highlighting its vast possibilities.

Hair straightening methods have advanced to improve effectiveness and reduce damage, but still rely on heat and chemicals.

This review explores how hair dyes and perms can damage hair structure and notes that while some adverse outcomes like skin irritation and allergic reactions have been reported, evidence from human studies remains inconsistent regarding potential risks, including cancer.

This article discusses the complexities in diagnosing hair shaft disorders and the potential insights hair microscopy can provide, without reporting new clinical findings.

This review discusses various follicular unit excision methods, punch designs, and motorized devices, highlighting their roles in reducing hair follicle transection rates and optimizing graft harvesting for individual patient characteristics.

This review discusses potential causes of alopecia and hair overgrowth in pediatric patients, detailing diagnostic techniques and treatments, but presents no new research findings.

This study found that the structural and chemical composition of human curly hair may resemble that of sheep wool, implying a shared characteristic among mammals with wavy hair.

In this study, incorporating a novel amino acid compound into a hair-straightening formulation improved humidity-resistant straightening and enhanced the surface and mechanical properties of hair fibers, including increased bending stiffness, reduced friction, and better shape retention under high temperature and humidity conditions.

This study reported three cases where patients experienced changes in hair curl patterns after acute lupus alopecia and alopecia areata, with baseline hair texture restored following medical treatment.

This review highlights the lack of research on Afro-textured hair, emphasizing the need for better understanding of its genetic traits and molecular structure to develop more effective hair care solutions.

This study tested five different brands of hair building fibers, examining their electrostatic and dielectric properties as well as analyzing their fiber structure with scanning electron microscopy.

In this study, the bending stiffness of human hair was linked to the varying proportions of para-like versus ortho-like cortical cells within the hair fiber.

Trichoscopy is a useful non-invasive method for diagnosing different hair loss conditions.

The document concludes that clinicians should be aware of common hair and scalp disorders in women of African descent and that more research is needed to develop effective treatments.

This chapter reviews the prevalence, pathogenesis, and management of hair and scalp disorders but reports no new clinical findings.