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This study provides a framework for understanding different types of alopecias based on immune privilege collapse at specific follicular sites, revealing distinct patterns in immune effector programs and stromal influences depending on the alopecia type.

This review integrates studies on mouse models and human clinical observations to highlight the role of immune cells in skin development and how their dysregulation leads to skin disorders, suggesting potential therapeutic pathways for skin regeneration.

This study synthesizes knowledge of how dendritic cell signals, epithelial integrins, and fibroblast activity converge on TGF-β1 to maintain or disrupt skin healing, contrasting normal and fibrotic scar formation and suggesting possible integrin and immune-targeted treatments for skin fibrosis.

In this study on mice, researchers observed that dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) plays a key role in regulating skin inflammation and tissue repair; however, reduced expression of certain cytokines in obese mice may hinder these processes, indicating potential metabolic disruptions in dWAT during inflammation.

Personalized care and evidence-based treatments are crucial for managing skin and hair conditions.

In this mini-review, recent insights suggest a possible role of type-2-related immunity in diseases like alopecia areata, vitiligo, and localized scleroderma, though whether this immune response benefits or worsens these conditions remains unclear.

In this study, the researchers found that deleting ceramide synthase 4 in the skin's epidermis alters stem cell differentiation, disrupting hair follicle structure and barrier function, potentially leading to immune responses similar to atopic dermatitis.

This study found that AP-2α and AP-2β transcription factors are crucial for maintaining adult skin homeostasis, with their inactivation in keratinocytes leading to impaired differentiation, hair abnormalities, and inflammation, highlighting their key regulatory roles.

This study demonstrated that disrupting EGFR signaling in mice leads to immune sensitivity compromising the hair follicle's protective environment, but JAK1/2 inhibition can restore this immune privilege and stimulate hair growth, suggesting a potential therapy for scarring hair loss diseases like cicatricial alopecia.

This study constructed a comprehensive atlas of prenatal human skin, revealing that innate immune cells, such as macrophages, play a crucial role in skin morphogenesis by interacting with non-immune cells, influencing hair follicle formation and angiogenesis beyond their traditional immune functions.

This review discusses the use of single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to enhance understanding of the pathogenesis and targeted therapies for chronic inflammatory skin conditions, highlighting technology advancements and the need for cost reduction and standardization.

This study provides evidence that innate lymphoid cells-type 1 can induce alopecia areata in human hair follicles, challenging the view that it is solely a CD8+ T cell-driven autoimmune disease.

This review discusses recent advancements in nanotechnology for treating hypertrophic scarring and atopic dermatitis, highlighting the potential of nanotherapeutic platforms in enhancing therapeutic effects by modulating the skin's microenvironment.

In this study, researchers used a mouse model to identify an adipocyte-to-fibroblast conversion pathway that promotes mast-cell recruitment and dermal fibrosis in atopic dermatitis, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach to block this process and reduce inflammation and fibrosis.

In this study using mouse models, researchers found that elevated IL-17a in aged olfactory epithelium impairs olfactory function, while IL-17a inhibition promotes regeneration and mitigates age-related decline.

This review discusses autoimmune blistering diseases across species and highlights new treatment efficacy findings and ongoing trials, but it reports no new clinical results.

In this study, the activation of Notch1 signaling in keratinocytes was found to play a key role in recruiting immune cells and facilitating skin repair after injury.

Collagen VII helps skin heal and stay strong, sirolimus may lower skin cancer risk in kidney transplant patients, high-molecular-mass hyaluronan helps naked mole rats resist cancer, dermal γδ T cells aid in hair growth in rodents, and overexpression of IL-33 in mouse skin causes itchiness, offering a model for studying allergic inflammation treatments.

ICL is a condition with low CD4+ T cells like AIDS but not caused by HIV, and normal CD4+ T cell counts may vary between men and women.

This study reviews current evidence on the role of ILC3s in the skin, highlighting their potential involvement in responding to microbiome changes such as those associated with acne and suggesting gaps in understanding their mechanisms.

This study found that carbonic anhydrase II was significantly upregulated in human keratinocytes when treated with toll-like receptor 3 agonist and Th2 cytokines, suggesting its potential role in inflammatory skin conditions.

This study found that ILC1-like cells can induce alopecia areata in healthy human hair follicles, suggesting that these cells might be a therapeutic target in AA management.

This study found that ILK/ELMO2 complexes in epidermal keratinocytes are selectively activated by epidermal growth factor to induce cell migration, unlike with other growth factors.

This study observed that patients receiving IL-2 immunotherapy developed a skin eruption characterized by burning and pruritus, which resolved shortly after stopping the infusion, suggesting that IL-2 mediated these effects.

This study found that the PLC2 gene plays a critical role in auxin-mediated root development in Arabidopsis, influencing root growth and PIN2 distribution.

This study indicates that innate lymphoid cells-type 1 may provoke alopecia areata by disrupting hair follicle immune privilege and inducing characteristic lesions, challenging the view that alopecia areata is purely an autoantigen-dependent, T cell-driven condition.

In this study, researchers found that the pCLCA2 protein is expressed in specific areas of pig skin, but its role in skin structure or function remains unclear.

This study found that integrin-linked kinase is crucial for various epidermal functions, including differentiation and barrier formation, and also plays a previously unreported role in melanocyte development and function.

This study found that ILK deficiency disrupts hair follicle development by impairing cell polarity and laminin-511 assembly, but these defects can be partially reversed with exogenous laminin-511.