August 2025 in “Dermatology and Therapy” This study conducted a meta-analysis of gene expression data from alopecia areata patients, identifying 5109 differentially expressed genes and highlighting enriched pathways like JAK-STAT signaling, providing insights into the disease's pathogenesis and potential treatment targets.
This study examined the molecular communication in psoriasis cells, highlighting unique immune cell interactions and identifying new features of the hair follicle cell-psoriasis axis. It suggests the potential for targeted therapies at the single-cell level to improve psoriasis treatment.
October 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study demonstrated that disrupting EGFR signaling in mice leads to immune sensitivity compromising the hair follicle's protective environment, but JAK1/2 inhibition can restore this immune privilege and stimulate hair growth, suggesting a potential therapy for scarring hair loss diseases like cicatricial alopecia.
Lupus is a complex disease that requires personalized treatment because it varies greatly between individuals.
This report presents a case of IFAP syndrome with the typical symptoms of alopecia universalis, severe photophobia, and follicular ichthyosis, but provides no additional clinical findings or conclusions.
March 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study found that the absence of Hif-p4h-2 in specific mouse skin cells disrupted hair follicle development, leading to hair loss due to irregular keratin formation and pathway signaling.
April 2026 in “Human Genome Variation” This study identified a specific hemizygous intronic variant in the MBTPS2 gene associated with IFAP syndrome in a patient, revealing exon skipping and reduced normal transcript expression through long-read RNA sequencing.
1 citations
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January 2021 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” This study found that loss of the folliculin protein delays transferrin receptor recycling, leading to iron deficiency and suggesting a role in the mechanisms of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome.
20 citations
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October 1995 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression” hHb1, hHb3, and hHb6 mRNAs start expressing at the same time in hair follicles.
April 2026 in “Human Genome Variation” In this study, researchers identified a recurrent MBTPS2 splice-site variant as a mutational hotspot in IFAP syndrome across diverse families, with phenotype severity suggesting the influence of additional modifiers.
2 citations
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December 2013 in “Journal of dermatology” This letter reports a homozygous missense mutation in the LIPH gene causing autosomal recessive hypotrichosis simplex in a Chinese patient.
24 citations
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May 2019 in “PLOS genetics” This study reports that compound heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the HEPHL1 gene in a child were associated with abnormal hair and cognitive issues, linking altered ferroxidase activity to hair disorders.
1 citations
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January 2022 in “Annals of Dermatology” In this case report, researchers identified a novel homozygous missense mutation in the MBTPS2 gene associated with the mild form of IFAP syndrome in a 7-year-old boy.
5 citations
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January 2015 in “Case reports in medicine” In this case report, a novel missense mutation c.1360G>C (p.Ala454Pro) in the MBTPS2 gene was identified in a boy with typical IFAP syndrome and severe atopic features, although no phenotype/genotype correlation was established.
December 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” In this report, a unique female presentation of IFAP syndrome is described, featuring musculoskeletal contractures but no photophobia, highlighting the importance of early detection and multidisciplinary care to improve outcomes and prevent disability.
6 citations
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January 2014 in “Genetics and Molecular Research” This study constructed a hair follicle-specific expression vector for IGFBP-5 in Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat cells, allowing for future functional genetic analyses and potential use in nuclear transfer.
36 citations
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January 2000 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This case study reports on a mother and daughter with ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia, and photophobia, noting consistent keratotic eruptions during the mother's pregnancies that improved postpartum.
January 2013 in “edoc (University of Basel)” This study found that TRF1 plays a crucial role in maintaining pluripotency and stem cell compartments, but it is not a suitable in vivo telomere length marker.
6 citations
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March 1996 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
4 citations
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December 2020 in “Mammalian genome” This study found that pelage abnormalities in Harlequin mutant mice are linked to severe AIF deficiency and associated with altered expression of genes related to hair structure.
20 citations
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July 2005 in “Experimental dermatology” This study found that the fuzzy mutation in mice is linked to both structural hair defects and accelerated hair follicle cycling, influencing the regulation of hair cycle phases such as catagen and anagen.
32 citations
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July 2017 in “Oncotarget” This study found that intermittent treatment with FTI lonafarnib and sulforaphane may be a promising therapeutic approach for children with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, as it improved the cellular phenotype.
18 citations
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January 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” WIF1 helps keep skin stem cells inactive to prevent excessive cell growth.
January 2023 in “Revista Paulista de Pediatria” This case study reported the first diagnosis of IFAP syndrome in Brazil with molecular investigation, identifying a rare MBTPS2 gene variant and expanding the known mutational spectrum associated with the condition.
11 citations
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August 2019 in “Journal of Molecular Histology” This study found that upregulation of NFIC may enhance proliferation and osteogenic/cementogenic differentiation in rat dental follicle cells.
40 citations
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August 2005 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” In this case report, a 3-year-old male with IFAP syndrome showed moderate improvement in skin symptoms and corneal erosions but no change in alopecia or photophobia after 6 months of acitretin therapy.
December 2023 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This case report describes an 8-year-old boy in Saudi Arabia diagnosed with IFAP syndrome, highlighting its distinct characteristics and distinguishing features from similar conditions, and notes successful genetic confirmation of the disorder.
10 citations
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April 2020 in “PloS one” This study found that mitochondrial dysfunction due to Crif1 deficiency in hair follicle stem cells significantly slows the hair growth cycle in adult mice but does not impact the maintenance of HFSC populations.
14 citations
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December 2010 in “Journal of human genetics” This study identified a severe MBTPS2 gene mutation in a Japanese patient with IFAP syndrome, suggesting other factors may influence the varied clinical severity of the condition.
December 2014 in “ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa)” In this study, researchers observed that HIF1α is expressed in germ cells throughout fetal and neonatal development, suggesting it may regulate telomerase activity and maintain the undifferentiated state of stem/progenitor cells.