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Addressing underrepresentation in Parkinson's research is crucial for better treatments and understanding.

Air Vice-Marshal Sir Ralph Jackson significantly advanced dialysis technology in the UK.

Primary care is key in managing PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes and medications like birth control and metformin.

Hirsutism in teen girls is common, usually harmless, but can sometimes signal serious issues and is treatable.

Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, a condition with symptoms like increased hair growth and acne, is usually caused by PCOS but can also be due to other factors. It's diagnosed by checking testosterone levels and treated either by removing the adrenal tumor or through antiandrogen therapy.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

Flutamide combined with an LHRH agonist effectively inhibits prostate growth, suggesting it could treat prostate cancer.

Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women that can cause metabolic, reproductive, and psychological issues, and requires lifestyle changes and medication for management.

The article concludes that better understanding gene regulation related to seasonal changes can offer insights into the mechanisms of seasonal timing in mammals.

The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

The document concludes that blocking the internal pathways that create androgens might help treat cancers that depend on sex hormones.

Antiandrogens affect androgen-dependent body functions and are used for various medical conditions, with some risks like fetus feminization, but new forms like 17α-propylmesterolone show promise for acne without systemic effects.

Insulin-sensitizing drugs like metformin can help with ovulation, weight loss, and lower testosterone in some women with PCOS.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women when used with estrogen, but its long-term safety and effects on naturally menopausal and premenopausal women are unclear.

The conclusion is that lifestyle changes and weight loss are first-line treatments for infertility due to anovulation, with various medications and assisted reproductive technologies as additional options.

Experts agree that PCOS affects women's health in complex ways, but more research is needed to understand and treat it effectively.

Surgery can be a safe and effective option for infertile women with PCOS who don't respond to medication and want to get pregnant.

Ovarian drilling surgery is not clearly better than medical treatments for PCOS symptoms.

Testosterone replacement may help postmenopausal women with sexual function and bone density, but suitable treatments are limited.

Testosterone replacement may improve sexual desire and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.

Testosterone replacement can help women with low libido and mood, but they need to have enough estrogen first to avoid side effects.

Some medicines can reduce excessive hair growth in women, but more research is needed to compare treatments and consider side effects.

Hirsutism in women often indicates a hormonal imbalance and can be managed with a combination of hormonal treatments and hair removal methods.

Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes modest feminization in transgender female adolescents, and works better with added estrogens.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects about 10% of women, is often linked to obesity and family history, and can cause irregular periods, fertility issues, and other symptoms. It's usually managed with lifestyle changes, weight loss, and medication.

Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects in adolescent trans-girls.

Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects and is more effective with added estrogens.

The research found that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has two distinct types, with one having more severe hormone and insulin issues.