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Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

Hormones and genetics affect hair growth and patterns, with some changes reversible and others not.

Neurosteroids show promise for treating epilepsy and more research is needed.

Hair growth is influenced by interactions between skin layers, growth factors, and hormones, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood.

Finasteride affects brain and blood steroids, causing lasting sexual and emotional side effects.

Both mouse and rat models are effective for testing alopecia areata treatments.

Finasteride helps reduce heart issues and improves heart function.

Blocking Wnt signaling in young mice causes thymus shrinkage and cell loss, but recovery is possible when the block is removed.

Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.

Prolactin slows down hair growth in mice.

The document concludes that future heart disease research should account for sex-specific differences to improve diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

Natural 5α-reduced glucocorticoids might be anti-inflammatory with fewer side effects than current options.

Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.

PFS and PSSD are similar conditions with persistent sexual dysfunction after stopping medication.

No consistent link between genotype and phenotype in 5-α-Reductase type 2 deficiency.

Finasteride treatment in male rats causes long-lasting effects on depression-like behavior, brain cell growth, inflammation, and gut bacteria composition.

Stress and alcohol affect brain chemicals differently in rats, mice, and humans, influenced by genetic differences.

Neuroactive steroids could become safe, effective treatments with more understanding of their complex brain actions and metabolism.

Testosterone therapy seems safe and effective for transgender men with proper care, but more long-term research is needed.

Prenatal stress changes how male and female rats enjoy rewards differently, linked to sex hormones.

Future osteoporosis treatments should focus on increasing bone growth, with many promising options available.

Male rats grow hair faster than females, and certain hormones can slow or slightly increase hair growth, but not significantly beyond natural rates.

Researchers created a mouse model for Cushing's syndrome to study glucocorticoid excess and potential treatments.

Post-finasteride syndrome causes lasting sexual, neurological, and physical side effects in some people after taking finasteride.

Finasteride worsens seizures in epilepsy rats and speeds up epileptogenesis in mice.

Women's ovarian hormones and adrenal androgens change throughout life, affecting hair loss and health.

The pituitary gland functions normally even after losing most SOX2+ stem cells.

A woman had both Graham Little-Piccardi-Lassueur syndrome, causing hair loss, and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, making her genetically male but physically female. This suggests androgens don't affect the hair loss condition.

Cross-sex hormone therapy is important for managing gender dysphoria and requires careful monitoring and healthcare provider education.