32 citations,
September 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Hormone therapy for transgender females increases the risk of blood clots and requires careful dosing, monitoring, and lifelong management.
28 citations,
October 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Testosterone therapy seems safe and effective for transgender men with proper care, but more long-term research is needed.
27 citations,
February 2020 in “Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research” Women generally handle heart enlargement better than men, but it's riskier for them if it occurs; hormones like estrogen offer some protection.
21 citations,
November 2014 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Cross-sex hormone therapy is important for managing gender dysphoria and requires careful monitoring and healthcare provider education.
20 citations,
January 2012 in “Journal of Steroids & Hormonal Science” The document concludes that there are still unknowns about the effectiveness, risks, and detection of performance-enhancing drugs, and doping remains a challenge.
19 citations,
August 2018 in “Clinics in plastic surgery” The conclusion is that certain surgeries can help people with gender dysphoria look more like their true gender and feel better.
19 citations,
February 2012 in “International Journal of Urology” In Japan, sex reassignment surgery for gender identity disorder faces challenges and needs better medical support and education.
17 citations,
June 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.
15 citations,
December 2019 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” Most insurance companies do not cover extra gender-affirming surgeries, with coverage being low and inconsistent.
11 citations,
January 2019 in “Sexual Medicine” Younger transgender women have surgery earlier, are mostly attracted to men, and show more preoperative depression that improves after surgery compared to older transgender women.
11 citations,
November 2015 in “Skin Research and Technology” Women's hair grows faster and thicker than men's, but hair growth slows for both genders with pattern hair loss.
10 citations,
August 2022 in “Journal of clinical sleep medicine” Transgender youth have more sleep disorders, but gender-affirming therapy may help reduce them.
10 citations,
May 2017 in “PLOS ONE” Men and premenopausal women in Korea show different patterns in iron and vitamin D levels, with no clear pattern for postmenopausal women.
10 citations,
January 2017 in “The World Allergy Organization journal” Gender differences affect allergy prevalence, severity, and response to environmental toxins, with women often more affected than men.
8 citations,
November 2019 in “Dermatologic Clinics” AGA treatments like minoxidil and LLLLT are safe and effective for gender minority patients.
8 citations,
June 2017 in “JAMA Dermatology” Women pay more for the same 5% minoxidil foam than men, but prices for liquid solutions are similar.
8 citations,
June 2014 in “PubMed” Men are more likely to have larger basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, while women have more superficial basal cell carcinomas and tumors on their legs and central face.
7 citations,
May 2019 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Transgender and nonbinary individuals experience hair loss, with transmen on testosterone seeing more severe hair loss, while feminizing hormones may stabilize hair loss in transwomen.
7 citations,
January 2018 in “International Journal of Dermatology” AGA risk factors include age, smoking, hypertension for men, and age, dyslipidemia for women; lifestyle changes may help prevention.
4 citations,
October 2021 in “Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology” Women with pancreatic cancer are more likely to have certain side effects from chemotherapy than men.
4 citations,
July 2021 in “International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health” Women who lost hair from childhood head radiation are more likely to face mental health issues than men.
4 citations,
June 2018 in “PLOS ONE” Iron levels are linked to insulin resistance in men and postmenopausal women, but not in premenopausal women.
4 citations,
February 2015 in “Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis” A genetic variant in the androgen receptor gene increases heart disease risk in women but not in men.
3 citations,
April 2019 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Women's facial moisturizers cost more per ounce than men's.
1 citations,
October 2022 in “PubMed” Gender affects wool traits in sheep, with males and females showing differences in skin proteins related to wool growth.
1 citations,
April 2022 in “Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery” Hormone therapy greatly improves the quality of life for adults seeking gender reaffirmation, but more research is needed in India.
November 2024 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” Start low-dose minoxidil gradually, especially for women, to reduce side effects.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Feminizing hormone therapy increases kidney filtration rate.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects metabolism differently based on treatment type.
April 2024 in “Journal of endocrinological investigation” Topical minoxidil helps transgender individuals assigned female at birth grow more facial hair.