April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This study found that among transgender men undergoing long-term testosterone therapy, a severe pattern of androgenetic alopecia may indicate increased arterial stiffness, as measured by higher intima-media thickness of the carotid artery.
In this study, researchers found that alopecia areata is linked to immune cell activation against hair follicle autoantigens and is associated with heart changes and cardiac marker alterations in humans and mice.
April 2023 in “Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine” The document concludes that inflammation markers can be used in diabetes, vitamin D3 affects immune pathways, hyperthyroidism changes hormone levels, androgen levels help diagnose Adrenocortical Carcinoma, erectile dysfunction is linked to diabetes, hypogonadism is common in HIV-infected males, and hormones can be biomarkers for various conditions.
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November 2012 in “InTech eBooks” The document concludes that sex hormones are crucial for mammalian reproduction, health, and behavior, and require more research for therapeutic use.
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September 2021 in “Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology” This review highlights the mixed roles of testosterone in COVID-19, noting both potential benefits through anti-inflammatory effects and risks due to increased virus entry, with low testosterone linked to increased severity.