May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.
December 2006 in “Annales D Endocrinologie” Estrogen-progestin contraception lowers ovarian, endometrial, and colon cancer risk but may raise breast and cervical cancer risk, helps with menstrual and acne issues, and new methods are as effective as pills. Metformin helps overweight women with PCOS and insulin resistance, and dopamine agonists treat prolactinomas.
December 2002 in “대한피부과학회지” Higher androgen receptor levels in bald areas may cause hair loss, while estrogen receptors have less impact.
February 1960 in “Journal of the American Medical Association” Treatments for hair loss include estrogen therapy and special shampoos.
January 2011 in “Journal of Diagnosis and Therapy on Dermato-venereology” Genetics, low estrogen, and low iron levels contribute to female hair loss, with specific scalp signs indicating severity.
8 citations,
March 2008 in “Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift/Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift” Adding estrogen increased bone mass in a transsexual man undergoing hormone therapy.
1 citations,
November 2011 in “Open access journal of contraception” Birth control pills with low-dose estrogen and antiandrogenic progestins can effectively treat acne.
62 citations,
August 2018 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Androgens are important for normal ovarian function and estrogen production, but may not be the main cause of follicle death.
8 citations,
September 1997 in “Postgraduate medicine” Older women often have vulva issues due to less estrogen, which can be misdiagnosed and lead to wrong treatments.
8 citations,
January 1996 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Cyproterone acetate is the preferred treatment for women's hyperandrogenism when estrogen/progestogen use is safe.
37 citations,
September 2003 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” A substance called Compound 2g can strongly block STS (a hormone-related enzyme) without affecting estrogen levels, making it potentially good for treating breast cancer.
59 citations,
August 2004 in “Human Reproduction Update” Testosterone replacement can help women with low libido and mood, but they need to have enough estrogen first to avoid side effects.
36 citations,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
16 citations,
January 1998 in “Dermatology” Human sebaceous glands can grow normally for a week without certain growth factors, and adding estrogen reduces their oil production without affecting cell growth.
8 citations,
April 1990 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” The medication combination did not affect glucose tolerance but increased some cholesterol levels due to its estrogen component.
451 citations,
March 2005 in “Endocrine Reviews” The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.
223 citations,
January 2014 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” The conclusion is that proper signaling is crucial for hair growth and development, and errors can lead to cancer or hair loss.
219 citations,
January 2006 in “Drug Metabolism Reviews” DHEA affects multiple receptors and may help with metabolic issues, but its safety and effectiveness in humans are unclear.
205 citations,
July 2009 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Male and female skin differ in many ways, which could lead to gender-specific skin treatments.
197 citations,
January 2019 in “Neuropsychopharmacology” Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.
187 citations,
December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.
180 citations,
January 2003 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Menopause can lead to skin and hair problems due to hormonal changes, but hormone replacement therapy might help slow these effects.
176 citations,
August 2000 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.
146 citations,
December 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Hormone therapy is essential for transgender individuals but requires careful management due to possible metabolic effects.
109 citations,
October 2007 in “Journal of pineal research” Melatonin helps regulate hair growth and protects the hair follicle from stress.
93 citations,
February 2009 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” 5α‐reductase isozymes are crucial for prostate development and health, and targeting them can help prevent and treat prostate issues.
78 citations,
November 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.
76 citations,
October 2016 in “Clinics in dermatology” Sex hormones, especially androgens, play a key role in causing acne.
71 citations,
February 2006 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Pregnancy causes skin changes like darkening, hair thickening, nail changes, and increased risk of skin growths, most of which usually resolve after birth.
70 citations,
August 1995 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride reduces hairiness and androgen levels in women with unexplained excessive hair growth.