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Hormone treatment for transsexual individuals is effective but carries risks like thromboembolic events and mood changes, with most side effects being minor and reversible.

MSCs and their exosomes may speed up skin wound healing but need more research for consistent use.

Malassezia infection may cause refractory acne, and antifungal treatments can help.

Long COVID-19 patients with skin pain might have a nerve condition that responds to a medication called gabapentin.

RSPO1 mutations in certain patients lead to skin cells that don't develop properly and are more likely to become invasive, increasing the risk of skin cancer.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is important for keeping skin cell attachment structures stable.

Skin lesions in Carney Complex are caused by a gene change in some skin cells that leads to increased pigmentation and may lead to tumors.

Oral isotretinoin temporarily improved skin symptoms in a child with IFAP syndrome.

Recognizing specific skin features helps diagnose and manage lupus erythematosus effectively.

Hair transplantation is the only permanent solution for female pattern hair loss and can greatly improve quality of life with careful planning.

Yellow dots in hair and scalp examinations are important for diagnosing different scalp conditions.

Trichoscopy helps diagnose and monitor alopecia areata by looking at a combination of specific hair and scalp features.

Trichoscopy is useful for diagnosing hair and scalp disorders in people with darker skin.

The conclusion is that accurate diagnosis of different types of hair loss requires careful examination of tissue samples and understanding of clinical symptoms.

Children's hair loss can be caused by many factors, including autoimmune diseases, emotional stress, genetics, and infections, with treatment and prognosis varying.

Touching cats can increase the risk of getting a fungal scalp infection, especially in boys and kids over 5.

Adult stem cells are important for tissue repair and have therapeutic potential, but more research is needed to fully use them.

The study found certain scalp biopsy features can help tell apart alopecia areata from pattern hair loss even when typical immune cells are not seen.

The near-naked hairless mutation causes hair loss but is not due to a mutation in the hairless gene itself.

Sam Shuster identified three types of hair loss in psoriasis and emphasized the need for better research to understand them.

Alopecia areata incognita causes sudden hair thinning, responds well to steroids, and is more common in those with genetic hair loss conditions.

Other common signs, not just the well-known immune cells around hair bulbs, are important for diagnosing hair loss from alopecia areata.

Telogen effluvium is a hair loss condition with acute cases resolving quickly and chronic cases potentially lasting longer, sometimes requiring treatment.

Some patients with a type of skin lymphoma can experience a rare, non-scarring hair loss that looks like another hair loss condition but has distinct features.

Triangular temporal alopecia is a benign hair loss pattern best diagnosed with dermoscopy, with limited treatment options like surgery and hair transplantation.

Dermoscopy helps accurately diagnose temporal triangular alopecia, avoiding unnecessary treatments.

Two sisters have rare hair disorders causing short, fragile, kinky hair.

A baby girl has a hair disorder called monilethrix, causing fragile hair that may improve over time.

Hair microscopy is useful for diagnosing hair disorders, but clear definitions are needed for accurate genetic analysis.

Experts don't fully agree on how to diagnose certain hair growth disorders and more research is needed to understand them better.