17 citations
,
July 2014 in “Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine” Abnormal cuticle and hair shaft medulla cause hair loss in androgenetic alopecia; sonography helps diagnose and manage it.
10 citations
,
January 2002 in “Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakaishi/Journal of S C C./Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakai kaishi” The cuticle significantly contributes to hair stiffness, making up about 60% of the total bending stress.
8 citations
,
February 2020 in “International Journal of Morphology” Henna dye improves hair cuticle and thickness but effects vary by hair type and health.
August 2007 in “Microscopy and Microanalysis” Hair fibers break by cuticle cell slipping, shape changing, cuticle fraying, and surface cracking when stretched under specific conditions.
56 citations
,
January 1996 in “Journal of Forensic Sciences” Dye enters hair at the edges of cuticle cells and penetrates more from water than alcohol-based solutions.
4 citations
,
January 2017 in “Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin” Inhibiting ALOX12 can help hair cuticle maturation by increasing S100A3 citrullination.
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” Two mouse mutants have defective hair cuticle cross-linking.
24 citations
,
November 2015 in “Scientific reports” Human hair has a new region with ordered filaments and the cuticle contains β-keratin sheets.
19 citations
,
May 2008 in “Applied spectroscopy” Human hair has different protein structures in its cuticle and cortex.
18 citations
,
January 1994 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Sunlight damages hair, causing cuticle loss, protein changes, and discoloration.
9 citations
,
August 2018 in “Acta biomaterialia” Eyelash curvature is linked to the thickness of the cuticle layer at the root.
2 citations
,
January 2004 in “PubMed” Conditioners with PQ-10 soften the flat part of hair cuticles but harden the edges.
2 citations
,
March 1977 in “Journal of animal science/Journal of animal science ... and ASAS reference compendium” Defective mink guard hairs have split tips and missing cuticle cells, causing a metallic sheen.
10 citations
,
January 1980 in “Ultrastructural pathology” Green hair has high copper levels due to contaminated water and damaged hair cuticles.
20 citations
,
January 2003 in “Journal of oleo science” Chemical treatments and daily stresses damage hair, especially the cuticle layer.
19 citations
,
July 1964 in “PubMed” Hair follicle cells become four types: medulla, cortex, cuticle, and inner root sheath.
15 citations
,
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” Some mutant mice have hair with abnormal cross-linking, mainly in the cuticle, not affecting other hair parts.
9 citations
,
January 2011 in “Journal of X-ray science and technology” Perming and bleaching damage hair differently, with bleached hair having more cysteic acid in the cuticle.
51 citations
,
May 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Scientists discovered a unique hair protein, KAP24.1, with a special structure, found only in the upper part of hair cuticles.
1 citations
,
January 2007 in “AIP conference proceedings” High-resolution x-ray images showed three main structures in human hair: medulla, cortex, and cuticle.
75 citations
,
November 1965 in “Textile research journal” Papain and bisulfite break down human hair by dissolving parts of it.
13 citations
,
March 2019 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Heat damages hair, with Asian hair losing more protein than Caucasian hair.
March 2024 in “Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakaishi/Journal of S C C./Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakai kaishi” Hair becomes less stiff as we age because of a decrease in zinc, which is linked to lower levels of the protein TG3.
September 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Chemical treatments change hair surface properties, making it more hydrophilic and able to bind conditioners.
36 citations
,
October 2014 in “Langmuir” Bleaching hair removes its protective top layer and exposes more hydrophilic groups, changing its chemical surface and affecting how it interacts with products.
9 citations
,
March 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The torsional method effectively evaluates hair damage and the performance of hair care ingredients.
81 citations
,
February 2008 in “Acta materialia” AFM helped show how hair changes under tension and the effects of damage and conditioner.
52 citations
,
February 2005 in “Biopolymers” Chemical hair straightening changes hair proteins and mostly fixes broken bonds.
50 citations
,
March 2001 in “Clinics in dermatology” Human hair is complex and grows in cycles starting from embryonic life.
40 citations
,
February 2002 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Permanent hair dye damages hair but it mostly recovers after 8 weeks; using certain hair care products can help repair it.