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This review discusses the history, structure, and biological significance of keratins, including the crystal structure of a keratin helical segment, without reporting new experimental results.

This study found that the stability of the coiled-coil structure in human hair keratin is maintained by ion-pairing and hydrophobic interactions, which are disrupted as pH approaches 7.0.

Keratin heterodimers are preferred for their specific and structural advantages.

In this study, molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the Glu413Lys mutation in human hair keratin significantly affects the stability of coiled coil structures, whereas Glu413Asp showed no impact on stability.

This study found that alopecia areata patients with a CCHCR1 gene variant had higher recurrence rates and structural abnormalities in hair compared to those without the variant.

Human hair keratin has a 40% α-helix structure that changes to a random coil in 8 M urea.

This review summarizes recent advances in understanding intermediate filament structure and their implications for pathological mutations and human diseases, but it reports no new experimental results.

This study found that while molecular hair structures were nearly identical across individuals, genetic factors seem to influence specific lipid compositions, as seen in identical-patterned hair from parent-child pairs and identical twins, but not fraternal twins.

Oxidation changes the structure of hair protein filaments, causing them to compact and rearrange.

This study utilized the DNP–SANS technique on human hair for the first time and found significant changes in the SANS profile dependent on polarization conditions, providing insights into the structural composition and dynamic properties of keratin and its associated proteins.

This study presents the first detailed 3D models of the complete K1/K10 keratin dimer and identifies structural features and interactions that may inform understanding of keratin filament assembly.

In this study, the researchers identified a variant in the CCHCR1 gene associated with an alopecia areata subtype characterized by impaired keratinization and autoimmune events.

In this study, a novel homozygous mutation in the STAT5B gene was identified in a 17-year-old boy with growth hormone-refractory growth failure, severe eczema, and autoimmune disease, suggesting a similarity to known STAT5B deficiency phenotypes.

This study found that shampoo and conditioner do not alter hair's molecular structure, while perming treatments significantly affect keratin and intermediate filament structures due to bond alterations.

This study developed a multiscale model to understand human hair fiber mechanics and found that the yield stress decreases linearly with temperature, supported by both simulations and experimental stretching of hair fibers.

Hard α-keratin in hair has a unique, nonordered structure, different from other fibers.

This case report describes a 4-year-old boy with Penile Hair Tourniquet Syndrome caused by a hair coil, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis in circumcised boys to prevent severe complications.

This study suggests that human keratin fiber matrix has a well-defined nano-scale grainy structure rather than being amorphous, with grain size influenced by chemical treatments, temperature, humidity, and follicle-level factors.

This study found that coconut oil impedes hair hydration more effectively than soybean oil by penetrating deeper, and suggested a new model for intermediate filament assembly in hair.

This study characterized hair from a patient with a ribosomopathy and identified distinct differences, including reduced hair thickness and lipid content, compared to family members.

This review classifies mutant mice with hair abnormalities into six categories, providing an annotated table that serves as a reference for understanding the molecular controls of hair growth.

This study reports that eccrine sweat glands in mice predominantly develop on the footpads, offering a reference for skin research involving genetically engineered mice.

This study presents computational modeling and experimental analysis of the HGT protein KAP8.1, identifying key structural features that may influence hair's response to environmental conditions.

This study discovered a new region in the hair cortex where intermediate filaments are both aligned with the hair's axis and orientationally ordered, influenced by the cuticle boundary.

In this study, experimentally induced weight loss in merino sheep led to a decrease in wool fiber diameter and increased expression of certain high sulfur and glycine-tyrosine proteins, potentially impacting wool quality and industry preferences.

This review discusses the unique characteristics and disorders of Asian hair, emphasizing the need for more comprehensive studies in this area.

This paper reports on the structural characteristics of α-type filaments in the inner root sheath cells of guinea pig hair follicles without presenting new clinical findings.

This study proposed a network model for the cross-linked structure of keratin-associated proteins in hair and wool fibers, suggesting notable differences between the two, potentially affecting hair fiber elasticity.

This study explored the structure and function of lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase, revealing its dual role in substrate catalysis and as a lipophilic ligand carrier, potentially informing future drug delivery design.

This study reported that using 2D solid-state NMR techniques on extensively labeled mouse fur improves resolution in detecting chemical shifts and secondary structure features, potentially aiding the analysis of the effects of commercial or therapeutic treatments on specific amino acids.