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December 2008 in “Endocrine Reviews” Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.
277 citations,
June 2003 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions control hair growth cycles through specific molecular signals.
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July 2002 in “Molecular Endocrinology” Removing part of the vitamin D receptor stops vitamin D from working properly.
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June 2013 in “Human Reproduction” PCOS is common among Chinese women of reproductive age and linked to serious metabolic and reproductive issues, especially in obese women.
260 citations,
July 2010 in “Cell” Mutations in the SRD5A3 gene cause a new type of glycosylation disorder by blocking the production of a molecule necessary for protein glycosylation.
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September 2014 in “Menopause” The NAMS 2014 recommendations guide healthcare providers on treating health issues in midlife women, emphasizing individualized care and informed decision-making.
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January 2018 in “Bone Research” TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.
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October 2003 in “Developmental biology” Ectodin integrates BMP, SHH, and FGF signals in developing ectodermal organs.
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April 2000 in “Gene” Msx and Dlx genes are crucial for development, controlling cell behaviors like growth and differentiation through their roles as gene regulators.
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November 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Creating stronger blockers for skin enzymes might lead to better treatment for conditions like acne and excessive hair growth.
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October 2014 in “Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology” Eph receptors and ephrins may be promising targets for treating diseases, but more understanding is needed for effective and safe therapies.
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May 2018 in “Trends in cell biology” Different types of skin cells play specific roles in development, healing, and cancer.
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October 1999 in “EMBO journal” Overexpression of activin A in mice skin causes skin thickening, fibrosis, and improved wound healing.
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May 2018 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Alopecia areata is likely an autoimmune disease with unclear triggers, involving various immune cells and molecules, and currently has no cure.
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December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.
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August 2020 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Men are more likely to have severe COVID-19 cases and fatalities than women due to factors like lifestyle, aging, and biological differences.
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August 2016 in “Development” ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes are crucial for gene regulation, cell differentiation, and organ development in mammals.
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July 2016 in “Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology” Epigenetic changes control how adult stem cells work and can lead to diseases like cancer if they go wrong.
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October 1990 in “Alcoholism/Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research” The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.
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September 2001 in “Genes & development” CDP is crucial for lung and hair follicle cell development.
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August 2013 in “Journal of experimental botany” Certain inhibitors slow down plant growth by causing early cell specialization without changing the cell development pattern.
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July 2006 in “Endocrine Reviews” Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.
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December 2018 in “Journal of autoimmunity” Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease causing patchy hair loss, often with other autoimmune disorders, but its exact causes are unknown.
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November 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Keratinocytes help heal skin wounds by interacting with immune cells and producing substances that kill pathogens.
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December 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” K6hf is a unique protein found only in a specific layer of hair follicles.
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November 2015 in “Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics” Protoporphyrin IX is useful in cancer treatment but can cause health problems if not properly regulated.
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March 2006 in “Cns Drug Reviews” Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and hair loss, but may cause side effects in some patients.
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August 2012 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects” TGF-β signaling is crucial for stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and has implications for cancer treatment.
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August 2000 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Inflammation may be linked to hair loss, and targeting specific enzymes could help treat it.
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February 2017 in “JAMA Surgery” Surgeons must understand the full care process for gender confirmation surgery to help transgender individuals effectively.