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The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Women with PCOS should be screened for heart disease risk and manage their health to prevent it.

Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.

Finasteride safely and effectively treats male pattern hair loss, but may cause reversible sexual issues and harm male fetuses.

Doxil is an effective, modified chemotherapy drug with a unique toxicity profile and shows promise in treating certain cancers.

Epithelial stem cells are crucial for tissue renewal and repair, and understanding them could improve treatments for damage and cancer.

The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.

Coumarin derivatives show promise as anti-estrogenic agents for treating breast cancer, with some in clinical trials.

Polycystic ovary syndrome costs the U.S. over $4 billion a year, mainly from treating related health issues.

Targeting colon cancer stem cells might lead to better treatment results.

Understanding phenotypic plasticity is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a prohormone important for producing sex steroids and has potential health benefits.

Stem cell niches are crucial for regulating stem cell behavior and tissue health, and their decline can impact aging and cancer.

Lgr5 is a marker for active, self-renewing stem cells in the intestine and skin, important for tissue maintenance.

Super-enhancers controlled by pioneer factors like SOX9 are crucial for stem cell adaptability and identity.

Microspheres about 1.5 micrometers in size can best penetrate hair follicles, potentially reaching important stem cells.

Anticancer drugs are increasingly found in surface waters, and their long-term environmental effects are not well understood, requiring better testing methods.

Air pollution worsens skin diseases and aging by causing inflammation and oxidative stress.

Certain proteins, Lgr5 and Lgr6, are important markers of adult stem cells and are involved in tissue repair and cancer development.

Vitamin D receptor interacts with certain dietary components to help prevent diseases and regulate hair growth.

Polymeric nanoparticles show promise for treating skin diseases.

The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.

The document concludes that the fast-growing direct-to-consumer genetic testing market lacks sufficient regulation, posing risks to consumers due to questionable test quality and accuracy.

Ectodin integrates BMP, SHH, and FGF signals in developing ectodermal organs.

Hair loss and aging are caused by the breakdown of a key protein in hair stem cells.

Blocking the enzyme 5α-reductase can shrink the prostate and help treat enlarged prostate issues.

Hair growth and pigmentation in mice involve specific stages crucial for research.

Creating stronger blockers for skin enzymes might lead to better treatment for conditions like acne and excessive hair growth.

Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer can cause sexual, physical, and psychological side effects, and doctors should manage these carefully.

Eph receptors and ephrins may be promising targets for treating diseases, but more understanding is needed for effective and safe therapies.