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Memantine may slightly improve memory in people with Down syndrome, but more research is needed.

Insulin resistance may contribute to various skin diseases and treating it could improve skin health and prevent more serious conditions.

Shrinking skin cancer increases the chance of cancer in nearby lymph nodes.

Some systemic treatments work for nail psoriasis but can have serious side effects.

Platelet-rich plasma, taken from a person's own blood, can help rejuvenate skin, stimulate hair growth, and treat hair loss, but more research is needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness.

Accurate diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing superficial fungal infections, with terbinafine being the best oral treatment for nail infections.

The research found that anovulatory young women have higher androgen and hormone levels than those who ovulate, suggesting immature hormonal regulation rather than a specific condition.

5α-reductase inhibitors and alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists together effectively treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, with long-term benefits.

Understanding the genetics of rare inherited ichthyosis syndromes is key for better treatments and genetic counseling.

Alopecia areata seriously lowers quality of life, especially affecting self-image, mental health, and social life.

The research found that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has two distinct types, with one having more severe hormone and insulin issues.

No systemic treatment for alopecia areata has strong evidence of effectiveness.

Some people experience severe, long-lasting side effects from fluoroquinolone antibiotics, leading to the recommendation of limited use and increased awareness of these risks.

Micropigmentation is a widely accepted tattooing technique for hiding cosmetic issues and medical uses, with permanent results and few side effects, but risks infection if not done with sterile tools.

The debate on direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical ads continues, with consumers finding them educational and doctors concerned about their impact on patient relationships and medication understanding.

Dermoscopy is useful for diagnosing various skin, hair, and nail disorders and can reduce the need for biopsies.

Researchers developed a model that shows hair follicles increase skin absorption of caffeine by 20%.

Madarosis is the loss of eyelashes and eyebrows due to various health issues and requires thorough examination to diagnose and treat the underlying cause.

Antidepressants might help with skin inflammation and improve conditions like psoriasis and eczema.

Herbal alternatives like saw palmetto and green tea may offer safe, effective treatment for hormonal hair loss.

Alopecia areata significantly lowers quality of life, especially in personal and social areas, and more so if the patient is also depressed.

Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide can regrow hair in alopecia areata but often has temporary effects and side effects.

Vertical sections are better than horizontal sections for diagnosing alopecia.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a safe and potentially effective way to treat hair loss, especially when combined with minoxidil.

Dermatologists should screen for and manage psychological issues in patients with skin conditions to improve their quality of life.

Chromium supplements don't improve insulin, hormone levels, or cholesterol in women with PCOS but raise testosterone levels.

Minoxidil effectively and safely treats patchy hair loss, but more research needed.

The conclusion is that skin and hair patterns are formed by a mix of cell activities, molecular signals, and environmental factors.

Some chemicals absorbed through the skin can cause serious health problems.

Men with advanced liver disease and high oestrone and low testosterone levels have worse health outcomes.