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Glossary Basement Membrane

thin layer separating epithelial cells from underlying connective tissue

The basement membrane is a thin, fibrous layer that lies between the epithelial cells (which line surfaces and cavities of organs) and the underlying connective tissue. It provides structural support, acts as a barrier to regulate the movement of cells and molecules, and plays a crucial role in tissue repair and regeneration. In the context of hair, the basement membrane surrounds hair follicles, helping to anchor them in place and maintain their structure.

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research Basement Membrane Zone Remodeling During Appendageal Development in Human Fetal Skin. The Absence of Type VII Collagen is Associated with Gelatinase-A (MMP2) Activity

42 citations , February 2000 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that Gelatinase A activity is linked to the absence of type VII collagen during human fetal skin development, indicating its role in remodeling the basement membrane zone.

research Immunofluorescence analysis of the basement membrane zone components in human anagen hair follicles

29 citations , July 2003 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This study found that in anagen hair follicles, the basement membrane zone components showed decreased expression in the lower hair bulb, with a complete absence of BP230 at the dermal papilla junction, suggesting an incomplete hemidesmosome structure in these regions.

research Re-investigating the Basement Membrane Zone of Psoriatic Epidermal Lesions: Is Laminin-511 a New Player in Psoriasis Pathogenesis?

13 citations , June 2018 in “Journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry/The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry”

This study found that the expression of laminin-511 and -332 was significantly increased in psoriasis skin lesions and may influence keratinocyte proliferation and apoptosis, suggesting a previously overlooked role in the disease's pathogenesis.

research The Appearance of Four Basement Membrane Zone Antigens in Developing Human Fetal Skin

65 citations , July 1984 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

research Basement membrane changes in lichen planopilaris

7 citations , June 2009 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

This study found that in lichen planopilaris, the basement membrane zone of the hair follicles exhibited disrupted and discontinuous staining patterns, potentially contributing to scarring and irreversible hair loss.

research A Novel Marker of Tissue Junctions, Collagen XXII

226 citations , May 2004 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

This study identified collagen XXII as a novel extracellular matrix protein specifically present at tissue junctions, where it functions as a cell adhesion ligand for skin epithelial cells and fibroblasts.

research Epidermolysis bullosa in animals: a review

33 citations , October 2014 in “Veterinary Dermatology”

This review discusses the molecular biology, diagnosis, and pathology of epidermolysis bullosa in animals and reports no new clinical findings.

research Alopecia in Epidermolysis Bullosa

21 citations , November 2009 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

This review discusses hair abnormalities in various epidermolysis bullosa subtypes and reports no new clinical findings.

research Heterogeneous disease: A child case of lichen planus pemphigoides triggered by varicella

19 citations , March 2011 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

This case report in a child suggests that lichen planus pemphigoides may represent a heterogeneous group of disorders, potentially triggered by conditions like varicella.

research Severe diffuse non-scarring hair loss in systemic lupus erythematosus - clinical and histopathological analysis of four cases

15 citations , December 2011 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

In this study, severe diffuse hair loss in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was associated with distinct clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological features, which improved alongside treatment of the underlying condition.

research Hair Loss in Autoimmune Cutaneous Bullous Disorders

12 citations , May 2011 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

This review discusses the association between scarring alopecia and inflammatory processes in common acquired bullous disorders of the scalp, and reports no new clinical findings.

research P‐35  Nonlethal junctional epidermolysis bullosa in a dog

2 citations , August 2004 in “Veterinary Dermatology”

This case study in an 8-month-old mixed-breed dog with symptoms and histopathological findings supports a diagnosis of hereditary junctional epidermolysis bullosa, although specific genetic mutations weren't identified.

A Monoclonal Antibody Established from the Immunization of Basal Cell Carcinoma Tissues Reacts to the Intercellular Space of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Hair Follicles

research A Monoclonal Antibody Established from the Immunization of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) Tissues Reacts to the Intercellular Space of BCC and Hair Follicles

1 citations , November 2002 in “Journal of dermatology”

This study investigated the histogenetic relationship between basal cell carcinoma and hair follicles, revealing specific staining patterns of a monoclonal antibody in different skin tissues.

research P029 A case of atypical bullous pemphigoid

June 2026 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

This case report discusses an atypical presentation of bullous pemphigoid in a young man potentially triggered by occupational chemical exposure, highlighting diagnostic challenges and effective treatment with clobetasol propionate and prednisolone, transitioning to mycophenolate mofetil.

research SUMMARIES OF PAPERS

1 citations , July 1973 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

The document concludes that secondary syphilis cases are increasing and often misdiagnosed, pityriasis rubra pilaris can be distinguished from psoriasis by skin cell features, and different skin layers produce specific components during skin repair.

research The role of inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia.

19 citations , December 2011 in “PubMed”

This study found that women with androgenetic alopecia showing a positive immunoreactant profile responded well to combined therapy with minocycline, topical steroids, and red light, indicating an immunologically driven trigger.

research Reply to comment on: Pattern hair loss. Assessment of inflammation and fibrosis on histologic sections

1 citations , May 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This correspondence highlights existing research on pattern hair loss, discussing findings about immune deposits, lymphocytic infiltration, and responses to treatment, and calls for future well-controlled studies.

The Seoul International Dermatology Symposium, May 11-14, 1995

research VINCENT BARRANCO, M.D., EDITOR 2121 EAST 21ST STREET, P.O. BOX 52588 TUESA, OK 74152-0588.

February 1996 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

This article offers a summary of the Seoul International Dermatology Symposium held in May 1995, but reports no new clinical findings.

research The distributions of type IV collagen .ALPHA. chains in basement membranes of human epidermis and skin appendages

36 citations , January 2007 in “Archives of Histology and Cytology”

This study suggests that the absence of alpha5(IV)/alpha6(IV) chains in certain subepidermal basement membrane spots may relate to interactions with melanocytes in human skin.

research Systemic lupus erythematosus in a filly.

23 citations , December 1990 in “PubMed”

This case study suggests that systemic lupus erythematosus should be considered as a potential diagnosis for immune-mediated skin disease in horses, based on multisystemic signs and specific histopathologic and immunopathologic findings.

Two Dogs with Juvenile-Onset Skin Diseases Involving Extremities

research Two Dogs with Juvenile-Onset Skin Diseases with Involvement of Extremities

4 citations , January 2010 in “Journal of Veterinary Medical Science”

This study used histopathological and ultrastructural analyses to differentiate between junctional epidermolysis bullosa and dermatomyositis-like disease in two juvenile dogs with skin disorders.

research Mapping the molecular and structural specialization of the skin basement membrane for inter-tissue interactions

35 citations , May 2021 in “Nature communications”

This study found that basement membrane components and structures in mouse hair follicles are highly specialized for specific inter-tissue interactions, with laminin α5 playing a crucial role in hair cycle regulation and anchoring.

research Mapping the molecular and structural specialization of the skin basement membrane for inter-tissue interactions

2 citations , April 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

This study reveals that basement membrane composition and structure in mouse hair follicles are specialized for distinct inter-tissue interactions, with laminin α5 being essential for maintaining these interfaces.

Col4a2-eGFP Mouse Model Reveals the Molecular and Functional Dynamics of Basement Membrane Remodelling in Hair Follicle Morphogenesis

research Col4a2-eGFPmouse model reveals the molecular and functional dynamics of basement membrane remodelling in hair follicle morphogenesis

November 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

This study used a novel fluorescent tagging method in mice to observe collagen IV dynamics during hair follicle development, revealing that alterations in basement membrane turnover can influence epithelial progenitor cell behavior and organ morphology by affecting cell proliferation and movement.

research Changes in fibronectin, laminin and type IV collagen distribution relate to basement membrane restructuring during the rat vibrissa follicle hair growth cycle.

45 citations , August 1992 in “PubMed”

In this study, researchers found that changes in the extracellular matrix components, particularly fibronectin, laminin, and type IV collagen, during the rat vibrissa follicle growth cycle, suggest dynamic remodeling related to dermal-epidermal signaling.

research Expression of basement membrane components through morphological changes in the hair growth cycle

53 citations , April 1985 in “Developmental Biology”

Fibronectin and other basement membrane components increase during hair growth and decrease during rest.

research Laminin α5 in the keratinocyte basement membrane is required for epidermal–dermal intercommunication

57 citations , May 2016 in “Matrix Biology”

This study found that the absence of laminin α5 in adult mice's epidermal basement membrane led to keratinocyte hyperproliferation and immune cell changes, affecting hair follicle development through altered growth factor expression.

research An mTurq2-Col4a1 mouse model allows for live visualization of mammalian basement membrane development

December 2023 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology”

This study developed the mTurquoise2-Col4a1 mouse model and used fluorescent tagging of collagen IV to offer new insights into basement membrane dynamics during hair follicle budding, revealing that basement membranes are flexible and stable structures in developing skin tissue.

research An eGFP-Col4a2 mouse model reveals basement membrane dynamics underlying hair follicle morphogenesis

November 2024 in “The Journal of Cell Biology”

This study revealed that basement membrane dynamics are crucial to hair follicle development, influencing progenitor cell behavior and cell division patterns in developing mouse hair follicles.

research The Basement Membrane of Hair Follicle Stem Cells Is a Muscle Cell Niche

294 citations , February 2011 in “Cell”

Nephronectin helps attach muscle cells to hair follicles.