66 citations
,
October 1987 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This study found that serum 3 alpha-diol G levels in women with idiopathic hirsutism correlated well with their clinical response to treatment, suggesting its usefulness in evaluating treatment outcomes.
57 citations
,
May 1986 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” This review found that women with idiopathic hirsutism may have increased 5α-reductase activity, as indicated by elevated levels of a dihydrotestosterone-reduced metabolite, but more research is needed to confirm its clinical relevance as a biomarker.
8 citations
,
April 1991 in “European journal of endocrinology” This study found that cyproterone acetate significantly reduced both serum 3α-AdiolG levels and hirsutism scores in women with idiopathic hirsutism, PCOS, or 21-hydroxylase deficiency, suggesting its effectiveness in treating excessive hair growth.
3 citations
,
January 1992 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” This study concluded that serum Adiol-G levels generally parallel testosterone levels and, therefore, do not effectively serve as a marker of peripheral androgen excess in women with androgenic symptoms.
9 citations
,
November 1980 in “Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde” In this study, prolonged intravenous Fenoterol infusion was associated with intensive hair growth in most patients, although hormonal changes typically linked to such effects were not observed.
96 citations
,
September 1975 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” In this study, significant elevations of DHA and testosterone were associated with pubic hair development and voice changes in boys during puberty.
28 citations
,
April 2014 in “Hormones” This study found that increased serum A4A levels were associated with more severe polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes and could be a useful marker for biochemical hyperandrogenemia.
15 citations
,
October 2011 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” This study found that obesity in PCOS women with biochemical hyperandrogenemia lowers androstenedione levels and increases the testosterone to androstenedione ratio, but this was not observed in women with clinical hyperandrogenemia or in controls.
9 citations
,
April 2016 in “Clinical Endocrinology” This study suggests that measuring scalp hair 17-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione concentrations can be a promising tool for monitoring treatment in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
February 1999 in “Strength and Conditioning Journal” Androstenedione, a hormone supplement, doesn't improve muscle or performance and can cause harmful side effects.
136 citations
,
January 2004 in “Neuroscience” This study found that testosterone increased seizure severity in mice and rats, with its neurosteroid metabolites playing a role in modulating seizure susceptibility.
63 citations
,
January 2010 in “Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience” This study found that 3alpha-diol, an androgen metabolite, improved cognitive and affective performance in aged male rats, suggesting its role in countering age-related decline in hippocampally-influenced behaviors.
19 citations
,
July 2005 in “Steroids” In this study, researchers developed a sensitive LC–MS–MS assay to measure 3α-androstanediol levels in rat plasma and observed that testosterone raises these levels via a 5α-reductase pathway.
10 citations
,
December 1996 in “Fertility and Sterility” This study found that in women with acne vulgaris, lower serum levels of 3α-androstanediol-glucuronide suggest reduced 5α-reductase activity compared to controls, indicating that 5α-reductase inhibitors may not be effective for acne treatment.
4 citations
,
May 2019 in “Physiology & Behavior” This study found that cocaine disrupted the relationship between certain brain androgen levels and sexual behavior in male rats, with dose-dependent effects on testosterone metabolism.
5 citations
,
March 2022 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” This study developed a mathematical model and online tool using serum AMH, androstenedione levels, UML, and BMI to screen for undiagnosed PCOS, particularly useful for Asian populations.
51 citations
,
November 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This study found that serum 3 alpha-Adiol-G levels in men are significantly associated with chest hair density and acne, indicating its role in reflecting androgen activity in peripheral tissues.
13 citations
,
September 1986 in “Archives of Dermatology” This study found that women with female pattern baldness often had a higher ratio of 3 alpha,17 beta-androstanediol glucuronide to sex hormone-binding globulin and lower serum sex hormone-binding globulin, possibly indicating minimal androgen excess.
May 2026 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study found that serum 3α-androstanediol glucuronide levels were higher in Indian women with female pattern hair loss and correlated with the severity of the condition.
179 citations
,
May 1982 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” This study found that plasma 3 alpha-diol glucuronide was markedly elevated in women with idiopathic hirsutism, suggesting it may be a marker of peripheral androgen action.
196 citations
,
May 2001 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that SZ95 sebocytes and HaCaT keratinocytes exhibit distinct enzyme expressions and activities, implicating their different roles in androgen metabolism and homeostasis in vitro.
147 citations
,
April 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that finasteride significantly suppresses serum dihydrotestosterone levels at all tested doses in normal male volunteers without significant adverse effects.
142 citations
,
February 1985 in “Fertility and sterility” This study found that spironolactone reduced serum androstenedione and anagen hair shaft diameter in hirsute patients but did not significantly alter unbound testosterone levels, suggesting its effects are primarily peripheral.
105 citations
,
January 2009 in “Medicine” This study found that ethinylestradiol and high-dose cyproterone acetate significantly reduced hirsutism scores and were effective for treating acne and alopecia in women with hyperandrogenism.
100 citations
,
April 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This study found that ovarian suppression significantly reduced serum testosterone and androstenedione in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and idiopathic hirsutism, with hair growth rates decreasing more in polycystic ovarian syndrome.
75 citations
,
March 1999 in “Fertility and sterility” This study concluded that finasteride, cyproterone acetate, and flutamide were similarly effective at reducing hirsutism in women, though they acted through different mechanisms.
64 citations
,
March 1984 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” In this study, cyproterone acetate combined with estradiol dramatically improved hirsutism symptoms and significantly reduced plasma testosterone and androstenedione levels in patients over periods of up to three years.
54 citations
,
February 1993 in “Endocrine reviews” This review examines the physiological role of androgen conjugates in cutaneous androgen metabolism and questions their association with hirsutism, without presenting new clinical findings.
41 citations
,
March 1998 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” This study found that androgen metabolism within hair follicles varies significantly between compartments, with dermal papillae showing high 5α-reductase activity, suggesting a key role in androgen-driven hair growth responses.
35 citations
,
December 2009 in “Human reproduction” This study found that metformin treatment during pregnancy in women with PCOS was associated with higher SHBG levels in newborns, but did not affect androgen or estrogen levels at birth.