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      learn Alfatradiol

      a synthetic estrogen used topically as an anti-androgen
      • Alfatradiol: What does a form of estrogen have to do with hair loss in men? Alfatradiol (17α-estradiol) is a prescription topical hormone, licensed for androgenetic alopecia in Germany but not FDA-approved. The controlled trial evidence is in women, where it produced stabilisation rather than regrowth and was outperformed by minoxidil; no comparable placebo-controlled trial in men appears to have been published.

      learn Minoxidil

      An essential vasodilator with some anti-androgenic effects
      • From hypertension to hair: the unexpected story of minoxidil Minoxidil was developed as an oral blood-pressure drug and approved as Loniten in 1979; unwanted hair growth in patients led to topical Rogaine, approved for men in 1988 and for women in 1991. Trials support topical minoxidil for pattern hair loss, while low-dose oral minoxidil is a prescription drug used off-label and needs medical supervision.

      learn Peppermint

      • Which is more effective: peppermint essential oil or extract in shampoo? Neither form has been tested for hair loss in people. Peppermint essential oil is the only one with any experimental support — a single four-week mouse study in which 3% peppermint oil outperformed 3% minoxidil on follicle counts — while peppermint extract in shampoo is a low-concentration cosmetic ingredient with no hair-growth data.

      learn Tretinoin

      the gold standard retinoid in dermatology that's also helpful for hair regrowth alongside Minoxidil

      learn Estradiol

      an estrogen promoting hair regrowth more commonly used in women

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