April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” In this study, higher plasma leptin levels were associated with increased risk and severity of androgenetic alopecia in men, but further research is needed to understand the clinical implications.
February 2026 in “The Animal Biology” In this animal study, Hirudo verbana leech extract significantly improved hair follicle regeneration and accelerated wound healing in rats, demonstrating potential as a safe and effective agent for skin repair due to its bioactive compounds with regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties.
December 2023 in “Medical & Clinical Case Reports Journal” This case study reported significant hair regrowth in a young female patient with alopecia areata after 60 days of Ayurvedic treatment, including leech therapy and herbal medicines, demonstrating its potential effectiveness according to the authors' observations.
September 2014 in “Springer eBooks” This review discusses how sex hormone levels and local steroid synthesis influence gender differences in aging skin, reporting no new clinical results.
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience” This study discusses the complex roles and effects of brain-synthesized sex neurosteroids, highlighting sex differences in their concentrations and their varied impacts on synaptic plasticity, cognitive behavior, and aging-related cognitive decline.