13 citations
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November 2017 in “BMC Veterinary Research” This study suggests that topically applied fusidic acid may penetrate only the most superficial layers of canine skin but can reach sufficient concentrations to potentially treat infections caused by pathogenic staphylococci.
12 citations
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March 2012 in “ATLA. Alternatives to laboratory animals” This study found that caffeine and flufenamic acid penetrated porcine skin more effectively through hair follicles, while the importance of the follicular pathway varied for other substances tested.
10 citations
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June 2019 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Hair removal methods damage the skin barrier and affect substance penetration.
3 citations
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April 2015 in “International research journal of pharmacy” This study concluded that the follicular route is a significant pathway for delivering gentamicin through the skin, as demonstrated by higher drug permeation in non-plugged pig's ear skin compared to plugged skin.
5 citations
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January 1994 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” This study found that minoxidil forms a reservoir in the skin, allowing sustained drug delivery even after cleansing, while propylene glycol does not.