This study reviewed contemporary literature and found that combining minoxidil with topical finasteride, biologic adjuvants, or delivery innovations might enhance treatment effectiveness for androgenetic alopecia compared to minoxidil alone, although diverse outcomes and incomplete data limit broader conclusions.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” In this retrospective chart review, researchers observed that estrogen monotherapy effectively suppressed testosterone levels below 50ng/dL in all transfeminine patients studied, particularly those using injectable formulations, though the small sample size and ongoing data collection limit these findings.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” In this retrospective study, among transfeminine patients aged 19-81 receiving gender-affirming estrogen therapy, 100% achieved testosterone suppression without anti-androgens when serum estradiol exceeded 100pg/mL, predominantly using injectable estrogen.
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May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” In this retrospective study, cyproterone acetate treatment in late-pubertal trans-girls was found to be generally safe and led to mild feminizing effects, with more rapid feminization occurring when combined with estrogens.
February 2026 in “Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews” This study reviewed existing literature on mesotherapy as a treatment for androgenetic alopecia, finding that it may improve hair density and thickness with generally mild side effects, but emphasized variability in study designs limits the strength of these conclusions.