Tissue and Metabolic Regeneration in the Light of Stem Cells, Gut Microbiota, MicroRNAs, and Exosomes: A Systematic Review

June 2025 in “ International Journal of Nutrology ”

Janaíne Hoffmann Búrigo, Lidiana Mauro Dosso Michelutti, Marcos Rodrigues Pontes, L. Bianchini, Walter Ludwig Armin Schroff, Alexandre Chaves, Karyne Jorge Elias Schroff, H. Santos, Tiago Loureiro, Scarlett Costa de Oliveira

TLDR A plant-based diet reduces skin inflammation, intermittent fasting supports muscle regeneration, and certain nutrients and supplements aid in healing.

This systematic review analyzed 23 clinical studies to explore the role of nutrients and diets in tissue and metabolic regeneration, focusing on mesenchymal stem cells, gut microbiota, microRNAs, and exosomes. The review found that signaling pathways like mTORC, AMPK, and MAPK are sensitive to nutrient levels. A plant-based diet can reduce skin inflammation, while intermittent fasting may inhibit hair follicle regeneration but supports muscle regeneration through autophagy. Nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium, zinc, vitamins A, C, D, and resveratrol, along with probiotics, aid in ulcer healing. Milk-derived exosomes and microRNAs influence gut microbiota and tissue regeneration. Supplementation with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine promotes wound healing, and vitamin C deficiency is noted in patients with ulcers.

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