Tissue Engineering Strategies Combining Molecular Targets Against Inflammation and Fibrosis, and Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells to Improve Hampered Muscle and Skin Regeneration Following Cleft Repair

The document reviewed tissue engineering strategies to improve muscle and skin regeneration following cleft repair by using umbilical cord blood stem cells (hUCMSCs) combined with anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic molecules. It highlighted the regenerative potential of hUCMSCs, which can differentiate into various cell types and create a regenerative microenvironment, thus reducing fibrosis and scarring. The review emphasized the safety and low immunogenicity of hUCMSCs, making them suitable for use in both children and adults. Challenges such as the limited survival of stem cells in harsh wound environments were noted, with proposed solutions including preconditioning stem cells and using scaffolds with protective factors. This approach aimed to enhance the functional and aesthetic outcomes of cleft repair surgeries.