The Role of Sex and Gender in Dermatology: From Pathogenesis to Clinical Implications

    François Lagacé, Kathleen D’Aguanno, Connor Prosty, Alexandra Laverde‐Saad, Leila Cattelan, Lydia Ouchene, Sarah Oliel, Geneviève Genest, Philip Doiron, Vincent Richer, Abdulhadi Jfri, Elizabeth O’Brien, Philippe Lefrançois, Mathieu Powell, Linda Moreau, Ivan V. Litvinov, Anastasiya Muntyanu, Elena Netchiporouk
    Studysummary This article emphasizes the need for dermatology to treat gender identity, gender, and sex as distinct factors, aiming to improve patient-specific risk assessment and treatment alignment, and highlights a research gap in distinguishing sex and gender as separate risk factors in the field.
    Our plain-language summary. Not medical advice or a treatment recommendation. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before changing treatment. Full disclaimer
    This review emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between sex (biological differences) and gender (sociocultural differences) in dermatology to improve patient-centered care. It highlights how these factors contribute to variations in skin disease prevalence and presentation, with autoimmune conditions like alopecia being more common in females and androgenetic alopecia more prevalent in males. The document also discusses the unique dermatological needs of the transgender community, particularly regarding gender-affirming treatments. Recognizing sex and gender as distinct entities can enhance treatment strategies and prevention efforts tailored to individual patients, considering both biological and sociocultural influences on skin health.
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