Lipid Droplets from Plants and Microalgae: Characteristics, Extractions, and Applications

The document reviews the characteristics, extraction methods, and applications of lipid droplets (LDs) from plants and microalgae, emphasizing their potential in biofuels, food additives, and cosmetics. LDs, primarily composed of triacylglycerols, vary in size and composition based on species and environmental conditions. Various extraction techniques, including grinding, pressing, and high-pressure homogenization, are evaluated for their efficiency and limitations. Chemical and biological methods, such as base hydrolysis and enzymatic lysis, are also discussed, highlighting their effectiveness and challenges. The review underscores the need for further research to optimize extraction methods and fully exploit LDs' potential across industries.