Phytosome Based Drug Delivery of Naringenin and Naringin: Development, Characterization, and In Vivo Evaluation

This study explores the use of phytosome technology to improve the oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the citrus flavonoids naringenin (NGN) and naringin (NRN), which are limited by low solubility and poor absorption. Phytosome formulations were developed and optimized using a Box–Behnken Design, resulting in high product yield and entrapment efficiency. Characterization techniques confirmed the improved properties of the formulations. In vitro and in vivo studies, including a pharmacokinetic study in rabbits, showed that the phytosome formulations significantly increased drug dissolution and plasma concentration, enhancing bioavailability. The results suggest that phytosome technology is a promising approach for the therapeutic application of these flavonoids.