Clinical Features and Current Therapeutic Approaches to Monilethrix: A Systematic Review

Monilethrix is a rare congenital hair disorder characterized by fragile, beaded hair shafts due to genetic mutations. A systematic review of 24 studies involving 45 patients identified topical and oral minoxidil as the most effective treatments, with topical minoxidil showing the most promise in pediatric patients. Oral minoxidil, while effective, was associated with side effects such as hypertrichosis and palpitations. Other treatments, like oral retinoids, showed variable efficacy and potential side effects, limiting their use. The review highlights the need for further research, particularly randomized controlled trials, to establish long-term efficacy and safety of treatments for monilethrix, as no gold standard treatment currently exists.