Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome: Influencing Therapeutic Potential by Cellular Pre-conditioning

The document reviews the impact of pre-conditioning on the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their secretome, which is a collection of bioactive molecules. It explains that modifying the in vitro culture conditions of MSCs can enhance their regenerative and immunomodulatory effects. Preclinical studies have shown the secretome's potential in tissue regeneration, immunomodulation, and other healing processes. The review also notes the effectiveness of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles, like exosomes, in mimicking the secretome's effects. It emphasizes the importance of further research to optimize pre-conditioning methods to improve the therapeutic outcomes of MSCs' secretome. Clinical trials have confirmed the safety and effectiveness of MSCs' secretome in various applications, including bone regeneration and hair loss treatment. Pre-conditioning with hypoxia has been particularly noted to upregulate beneficial factors and enhance MSCs' therapeutic properties. However, the document calls for more research to fully understand the mechanisms and to standardize MSC research, suggesting the use of high-throughput techniques and bioinformatics for better therapeutic application.