Mendelian Randomization Identifies CD25+ CD4+ Tregs and Plasma Proteins in Androgenetic Alopecia Pathogenesis

This study utilized Mendelian randomization to explore the causal relationship between immune phenotypes and androgenetic alopecia (AGA), identifying CD25 on secreting CD4 regulatory T cells (Tregs) as an independent genetic risk factor for AGA. The research also highlighted the role of five plasma proteins—SDF-1, GPIbα, KIR3DS1, MVI, and WFDC5—as key mediators in the immune-AGA pathway. These findings enhance the understanding of AGA's immunological mechanisms and suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting the immune system.