Mendelian Randomization Identifies CD25+ CD4+ Tregs and Plasma Proteins in Androgenetic Alopecia Pathogenesis

This study investigates the role of immune cell phenotypes in androgenetic alopecia (AGA) using Mendelian randomization and multi-omics data. The research identifies elevated CD25 on secreting CD4 regulatory T cells (Tregs) as an independent genetic risk factor for AGA. Additionally, five plasma proteins—SDF-1, GPIbα, KIR3DS1, MVI, and WFDC5—are identified as key mediators in the immune-AGA pathway. These findings highlight the causal link between specific immune phenotypes and AGA, offering insights into its immunological mechanisms and suggesting potential immune-targeted therapeutic strategies.