November 2025 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” This study identified elevated CD25 on secreting CD4 regulatory T cells as a genetic risk factor for androgenetic alopecia, with certain plasma proteins acting as mediators in this causal relationship.
November 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This study found that specific immune cell phenotypes, particularly CD25 on CD4 Treg cells, were causally linked to androgenic alopecia, suggesting potential targets for immune-based therapies.
May 2023 in “The Journal of Immunology” In this study, treatment with IL-2C to expand Tregs effectively halted hair loss progression in a murine model of alopecia areata.
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May 2014 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” In this study, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Regulatory T cells were found to reduce TGF-b1 induced lung fibrosis and fibrocyte accumulation in mice, partly by suppressing fibroblast growth factor 9.
October 2022 in “Journal of pharmaceutical negative results” This study found that patients with Alopecia areata in Iraq had significantly higher levels of CD4+, CD39+, and FOXP3+ Treg cells in their blood compared to healthy controls.