K6irs1, K6irs2, K6irs3, and K6irs4 Represent the Inner-Root-Sheath-Specific Type II Epithelial Keratins of the Human Hair Follicle1
April 2003
in “
Journal of Investigative Dermatology
”
Research cited in this study
20 / 20 resultsresearch Keratinocyte differentiation in psoriatic scalp: morphology and expression of epithelial keratins
Psoriasis causes changes in certain keratins and shrinks sebaceous glands in the scalp.
research A Novel Epithelial Keratin, hK6irs1, Is Expressed Differentially in All Layers of the Inner Root Sheath, Including Specialized Huxley Cells of the Human Hair Follicle
A new keratin, hK6irs1, is found in all layers of the hair follicle's inner root sheath.
research Keratin K6irs is specific to the inner root sheath of hair follicles in mice and humans
Keratin K6irs is a marker for the inner root sheath of hair follicles in mice and humans.
research The Catalog of Human Hair Keratins
Human hair keratins were cataloged, showing their roles in hair differentiation stages.
research Discovery of a novel murine keratin 6 (K6) isoform explains the absence of hair and nail defects in mice deficient for K6a and K6b
A new keratin 6 type in mice explains why some mice without certain keratin genes still have normal hair and nails.
research Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21
A cluster of sulfur-rich hair protein genes was found on chromosome 17.
research A Novel Type II Cytokeratin, mK6irs, is Expressed in the Huxley and Henle Layers of the Mouse Inner Root Sheath
research A Unique Type I Keratin Intermediate Filament Gene Family is Abundantly Expressed in the Inner Root Sheaths of Sheep and Human Hair Follicles
research Characterization of a 300 kbp Region of Human DNA Containing the Type II Hair Keratin Gene Domain
research The Catalog of Human Hair Keratins
Human hair is made up of different keratins, some strong and some weak, with specific types appearing at various stages of hair growth.
research A Novel Human Type II Cytokeratin, K6hf, Specifically Expressed in the Companion Layer of the Hair Follicle
K6hf is a unique protein found only in a specific layer of hair follicles.
research Sequences and differential expression of three novel human type-II hair keratins
research Sequence Data and Chromosomal Localization of Human Type I and Type II Hair Keratin Genes
research Keratins 1 and 10 or homologues as regular constituents of inner root sheath and cuticle cells in the human hair follicle.
Keratins K1 and K10 are found in the inner root sheath and cuticle of human hair follicles.
research Expression of keratin K14 in the epidermis and hair follicle: insights into complex programs of differentiation.
The study examined the expression of keratin K14 in human skin, particularly in the epidermis and hair follicles, using monospecific antisera and cRNA probes. It was found that K14 expression and filament organization differed significantly between the hair follicle and epidermis. In the outer root sheath (ORS) cells, which are mitotically active, K14 expression was low, and keratin filaments were fewer and more loosely organized compared to basal epidermal cells. As ORS cells differentiated, they increased K14 expression and formed denser keratin bundles. In contrast, matrix cells, which can differentiate into the inner root sheath, cuticle, and hair shaft, did not express K14 or form keratin filaments. Instead, they produced hair-specific keratins and dense filament bundles without inducing K14 expression. The study suggested that the patterns of K14 expression and filament organization in skin epithelial cells were linked to their pluripotency and highlighted the distinct differentiation programs of hair follicles compared to other stratified squamous epithelia.
research A new look into an old problem: keratins as tools to investigate determination, morphogenesis, and differentiation in skin.
The study investigated keratin and keratin mRNA expression during the differentiation of stem cells into epidermis and hair follicles, as well as follicle morphogenesis. It found that type I keratin K14 was expressed early in embryonal basal cells and elevated in the basal layer of developing epidermis, but suppressed in developing matrix cells, indicating a biochemical distinction between diverging cell types. This expression pattern suggested a narrow developmental window for irreversible divergence in basal and matrix cells. In contrast, a hair-specific type I keratin was expressed late in hair matrix development, indicating that keratin expression might be a consequence of cell organization and differentiation rather than a cause.
research Patterns of expression of trichocytic and epithelial cytokeratins in mammalian tissues II. Concomitant and mutually exclusive synthesis of trichocytic and epithelial cytokeratins in diverse human and bovine tissues (hair follicle, nail bed and matrix, lingual papilla, thymic reticulum)
research Patterns of expression of trichocytic and epithelial cytokeratins in mammalian tissues. I. Human and bovine hair follicles
research Keratins of the human hair follicle: “Hyperproliferative” keratins consistently expressed in outer root sheath cells in vivo and in vitro
research Acidic and Basic Hair/Nail (Hard) Keratins: Their Colocalization in Upper Cortical and Cuticle Cells of the Human Hair Follicle and Their Relationship to Soft Keratins
Hair and nail cells share similar proteins, indicating a common differentiation pathway.
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research A Novel Epithelial Keratin, hK6irs1, Is Expressed Differentially in All Layers of the Inner Root Sheath, Including Specialized Huxley Cells of the Human Hair Follicle
A new keratin, hK6irs1, is found in all layers of the hair follicle's inner root sheath.
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research [Three-dimensional culture of plucked human hair follicles inside the collagen gel matrix].
Human hair follicles can grow and form structures in a collagen gel, useful for studying hair cell growth.
research Expression of keratin K14 in the epidermis and hair follicle: insights into complex programs of differentiation.
The study examined the expression of keratin K14 in human skin, particularly in the epidermis and hair follicles, using monospecific antisera and cRNA probes. It was found that K14 expression and filament organization differed significantly between the hair follicle and epidermis. In the outer root sheath (ORS) cells, which are mitotically active, K14 expression was low, and keratin filaments were fewer and more loosely organized compared to basal epidermal cells. As ORS cells differentiated, they increased K14 expression and formed denser keratin bundles. In contrast, matrix cells, which can differentiate into the inner root sheath, cuticle, and hair shaft, did not express K14 or form keratin filaments. Instead, they produced hair-specific keratins and dense filament bundles without inducing K14 expression. The study suggested that the patterns of K14 expression and filament organization in skin epithelial cells were linked to their pluripotency and highlighted the distinct differentiation programs of hair follicles compared to other stratified squamous epithelia.
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The study described trichilemmal keratinization as a distinct type of keratinization in the hair follicle, characterized by the conversion of the outer root sheath's stratified epithelium into anuclear keratin without a keratohyalin layer. This process was observed in the anagen phase below the sebaceous duct opening and in the catagen phase within the trichilemmal sac. The research, using electron microscopy on dog hairs, revealed complex infoldings of cells and unique ladder-like membrane coating granules in anagen, which were acid phosphatase-positive and potentially involved in the disintegration of the inner root sheath.