A Case Study on Exploring Immune Dysregulation in Alopecia Areata: Mechanisms and Treatment Outcomes

July 2025 in “ International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research ”

Rajkumar Deshmukh, Shrikrishna Baokar, Rajendra Damu Patil

alopecia areata autoimmune condition systemic immunosuppressants cyclosporine methylprednisolone topical corticosteroids systemic corticosteroids minoxidil JAK inhibitors vitamin B12 deficiency vitamin D deficiency Rogaine

TLDR Individualized treatment and psychological support improved the patient's quality of life and appearance despite medication side effects.

This case study examines a 20-year-old male with alopecia areata, an autoimmune condition characterized by sudden, patchy hair loss. The patient, with a history of vitamin B12 and D deficiencies, was treated with systemic immunosuppressants like cyclosporine and methylprednisolone, resulting in slight hair regrowth. The study highlights the need for accurate diagnosis and individualized treatment plans, considering medication side effects. Various treatments, including topical and systemic corticosteroids, minoxidil, and JAK inhibitors, are discussed. Despite partial regrowth, the patient experienced liver dysfunction from oral medications. Over two years, treatments were adjusted, and psychological support was provided. By the end of the follow-up, the patient reported improved quality of life and appearance, with strategies for long-term management and relapse prevention discussed.

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Research cited in this study

3 / 3 results

research Safety and Efficacy of the JAK Inhibitor Tofacitinib Citrate in Patients with Alopecia Areata

222 citations , September 2016 in “JCI insight”

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research British Association of Dermatologists’ Guidelines for the Management of Alopecia Areata 2012

218 citations , April 2012 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Guidelines suggest various treatments for alopecia areata, but leaving it untreated is also an option as 80% cases may recover on their own.

research Genome-Wide Association Study in Alopecia Areata Implicates Both Innate and Adaptive Immunity

717 citations , June 2010 in “Nature”

Alopecia areata involves both innate and adaptive immunity, with specific genes linked to the disease.

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