Genetics of Vitiligo: A Review

Vitiligo is a common skin disease characterized by depigmentation and has a strong genetic component, with 25-50% of patients having a family history. Recent studies have identified multiple susceptibility gene loci and highlighted genetic heterogeneity across populations. Environmental factors also play a role in triggering the disease. A risk assessment model combining genetic and environmental factors offers a promising approach for early screening and personalized prevention. Future research should focus on using single-cell sequencing and multi-omics technologies to understand the disease mechanism, develop targeted treatments, and enhance genetic counseling and preventive measures for high-risk groups.