Exosomes for Aesthetic Dermatology: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Update

Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles, show promise in aesthetic dermatology for conditions like hair loss and scar remodeling. They promote hair growth by activating pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, with small-scale studies involving 39 and 20 patients reporting increased hair density and thickness. Exosomes from dermal papillae and adipose-derived stem cells have been effective in preclinical models. They also aid scar healing by modulating immune responses and fibroblast activity. Exosomes from adipose-derived and mesenchymal stem cells may inhibit keloid and hypertrophic scar formation and reduce hyperpigmentation. While initial results are promising, larger clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy, establish treatment protocols, and address standardization and regulatory challenges. The safety profile is initially strong, but further research is necessary.