Antioxidants and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics: Charnoly Bodies in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Cardiovascular Disorders, and Cancer

The 2017 document examines the relationship between antioxidants and mitochondrial bioenergetics, particularly focusing on the formation and degradation of Charnoly Bodies (CBs) in relation to neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. It identifies antioxidants such as glutathione, metallothioneins (MTs), and CoQ10 as agents that can mitigate CB formation and improve mitochondrial function. The study reports a correlation coefficient of 0.8 between CB formation and charnolophagosome formation in undernourished rat cerebellar Purkinje neurons, indicating a strong relationship. It suggests that enhancing charnolophagy, the degradation of CBs, could be a therapeutic target for conditions like ZIKV disease and other "charnolopathies." The document also proposes the use of antioxidants from natural foods to prevent progressive neurodegeneration and emphasizes the development of mitochondrially targeted drugs, with CBs potentially serving as a biomarker for mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, it discusses the potential of novel nanoparticles (NPs) and nano-drug delivery systems for painless treatment without adverse effects.