TLDR Clove oil and grape seed extract increase finasteride skin absorption, while urea decreases it.
The study investigated the effect of clove oil, urea, and lyophilized powder of grape seed extract (LPGSE) on the skin permeability of finasteride, a drug used to treat hair loss and acne. The skin was pretreated with these enhancers for 2 and 4 hours. Results showed that clove oil and LPGSE increased finasteride permeability, with clove oil (4 hours) showing the highest permeation rate. Conversely, urea reduced finasteride penetration with increased pretreatment time due to reversible effects. The study concludes that clove oil and LPGSE are effective penetration enhancers for finasteride, while urea is less effective.
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