Global, Regional, and National Burden of Alopecia Areata in Children and Adolescents Aged 0-19 Years from 1990 to 2021 and Projection to 2040

    Hongzheng Lu, Jinbo Li, Ke Ma, L F Li, Shengchun Wang, TingTing Wang, B Zhang
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    TLDR Alopecia areata cases in children are rising, especially in females and low-income regions, with a projected increase in China and decrease in the USA.
    The study analyzed the global burden of alopecia areata in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years from 1990 to 2021, with projections to 2040. It found that while the absolute number of cases increased by 15.79%, age-standardized rates of incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) declined. Females experienced a 75% higher burden than males, and the highest burden was observed in the 15-19 age group. Low-SDI regions saw rising rates, whereas high-SDI areas experienced declines. India had the highest number of cases in 2021, and while the disease burden is expected to stabilize globally and in India, it is projected to rise in China and decline in the USA. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions for females, older adolescents, and low-SDI populations, especially in Central Sub-Saharan Africa.
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