Biological Roles and Prospects of Using Adipose Tissue Derivatives and Platelet-Rich Plasma in Surgical Practice: A Review

This review discusses the regenerative potential of adipose tissue derivatives and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in surgical practice, particularly in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Adipose tissue, containing multipotent stem cells, aids in angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and tissue repair, while PRP enhances fat graft retention by promoting vascularization and reducing inflammation. Despite advancements, challenges in graft survival and the need for standardized PRP preparation protocols persist. The review highlights mixed results in PRP applications, such as effective treatment for alopecia and wound healing but inconclusive benefits in scar treatment and breast reconstruction. A study with 18 patients showed no significant differences in outcomes between PRP-enhanced and standard lipofilling, indicating the need for larger trials. Overall, the combination of adipose tissue and PRP shows promise in improving surgical outcomes, but further research is necessary to optimize and standardize therapeutic strategies.