May 2025 in “Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases” This review suggests that immunomodulators, including TNF-α blockers and IL inhibitors, may improve symptoms of moderate-to-severe dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, but their effects on hair regrowth and scarring remain unclear.
61 citations
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June 2010 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study highlights cases of alopecia areata that developed during anti-TNF-α therapy, suggesting a potential link or increased frequency, particularly among individuals with a personal or family history of autoimmune diseases.
13 citations
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March 1990 in “JAMA” This study found that in a small cohort of patients with infections, tumor necrosis factor levels varied, challenging the interpretation that these levels are transient in gram-negative sepsis.
April 2024 in “Research Square” IBD patients treated with TNF antagonists may develop autoimmune alopecia areata, with severe cases less likely to improve.
January 2023 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” This study found that microneedling-induced microinjury in mice promoted hair growth by stimulating the TNF-α/Wnt/VEGF pathway, and blocking TNF-α inhibited this process.
