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Glossary Transforming Growth Factor

proteins regulating cell growth, differentiation, and immune responses

Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) refers to a group of proteins that play crucial roles in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and immune responses. There are two main types, TGF-α and TGF-β, with TGF-β being particularly important in processes like wound healing, fibrosis, and the regulation of the immune system. These factors are significant in both normal physiological processes and in the development of diseases such as cancer and fibrosis.

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Research

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research Towards cell-based therapy of alopecia areata: Autologous human Vδ2+ Foxp3+ γδTreg cells restore hair-follicle immune privilege and promote hair regrowth in human alopecia areata models ex vivo and in vivo

January 2026 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that human γδTregs promoted hair regrowth and restored hair follicle immune privilege in a model of alopecia areata, suggesting potential for cell-based therapy in autoimmune diseases.

research 1407 Mechanical force activation of TGF-β signaling controls hair follicle regression

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that the dermal sheath smooth muscle regulates hair follicle progenitor cell death during hair regression through mechanical signaling of the TGF-β pathway.

research The role of integrin alphavbeta6 in impaired wound healing and hair follicle regeneration

January 2010

This study found that αvβ6 integrin inhibits keratinocyte proliferation during wound healing and hair regeneration, suggesting its downregulation may enhance recovery and influence epidermal stem cell behavior.

research Langerin+ Dendritic Cells in Cutaneous Fibrosis: The TGF-β1 Signaling Axis

October 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

This study synthesizes knowledge of how dendritic cell signals, epithelial integrins, and fibroblast activity converge on TGF-β1 to maintain or disrupt skin healing, contrasting normal and fibrotic scar formation and suggesting possible integrin and immune-targeted treatments for skin fibrosis.

research RGDSP-functionalized peptide hydrogel stimulates growth factor secretion via integrin αv/PI3K/AKT axis for improved wound healing by human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells

6 citations , October 2024 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology”

This study reported that the use of composite RGDmix hydrogel improved the survival and proliferation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells and increased growth factor expression, enhancing wound healing through the RGDSP/integrin αv/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

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Community Join

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community Efficacy and Tolerability of N-Acetyl-Cysteine for Treatment of The Early-onset Androgenetic Alopecia in Men

26 upvotes 4 years ago

N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) was found to improve hair parameters in men with early-onset androgenetic alopecia, showing increased terminal hair count and decreased vellus hair count, with good tolerability. NAC, used alone or with minoxidil, may help due to its antioxidant properties, though its effectiveness can vary among individuals.

community A Theory on Why Microneedling Works

175 upvotes 6 years ago

Microneedling may enhance hair regrowth by transferring stem cells to dormant follicles, improving the effects of minoxidil. Users discuss using microneedling with needle lengths around 1.5mm to stimulate hair growth.

community Taurine supplements work for hair growth?

9 upvotes 2 years ago

The conversation discusses taurine supplements for hair growth, highlighting their potential to reduce DHT and improve hair health. A user comments that people often try alternatives to finasteride.

community PP405: The Ultimate Hair Loss Drug for Complete Hair Growth

211 upvotes 1 year ago

PP405 is a new hair loss treatment in phase 2 trials that may promote hair growth by increasing lactate production and activating hair follicle stem cells. It could potentially replace hormone-disrupting treatments like Minoxidil and finasteride.

community The Real Cause Of Androgenetic Alopecia

675 upvotes 1 year ago

Androgenetic alopecia is caused by DHT affecting hair growth. Finasteride and minoxidil are used to manage hair loss by blocking DHT and promoting hair growth.

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Clinics

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Learn

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learn Exosomes

Microscopic delivery system that sends growth-promoting signals to hair follicles

learn Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

learn Epidermal Growth Factor

learn Follistatin

glycoprotein that inhibits TGF-β and promotes hair growth by antagonizing activin

learn Stem Cell Factor

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Experts

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