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    Glossary Transforming Growth Factor

    proteins regulating cell growth, differentiation, and immune responses

    Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) refers to a group of proteins that play crucial roles in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and immune responses. There are two main types, TGF-α and TGF-β, with TGF-β being particularly important in processes like wound healing, fibrosis, and the regulation of the immune system. These factors are significant in both normal physiological processes and in the development of diseases such as cancer and fibrosis.

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    1. Towards cell-based therapy of alopecia areata: Autologous human Vδ2+ Foxp3+ γδTreg cells restore hair-follicle immune privilege and promote hair regrowth in human alopecia areata models ex vivo and in vivo Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2026
    2. 1407 Mechanical force activation of TGF-β signaling controls hair follicle regression Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2023
    3. The role of integrin alphavbeta6 in impaired wound healing and hair follicle regeneration 2010
    4. Langerin+ Dendritic Cells in Cutaneous Fibrosis: The TGF-β1 Signaling Axis Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · 2025
    5. RGDSP-functionalized peptide hydrogel stimulates growth factor secretion via integrin αv/PI3K/AKT axis for improved wound healing by human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · 2024 · 6 citations
    6. Increment of growth factors in mouse skin treated with non-thermal plasma International journal of medical sciences · 2018 · 18 citations
    7. Hypoxia-Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome Enhance TGF-β, PDGF, and Hair Growth in Alopecia-Like Rat Models Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education · 2026
    8. Perbandingan Kadar Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 pada Platelet Rich Plasma dengan Metode Pure dan Buffy Coat pada Populasi Individu Sehat Intisari Sains Medis · 2025
    9. Keratin is not only a Structural Protein in Hair: Keratin-mediated Hair Growth Research Square (Research Square) · 2020
    10. Induction of transforming growth factor-beta 1 by androgen is mediated by reactive oxygen species in hair follicle dermal papilla cells Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · 2013 · 56 citations
    11. Expression Patterns of Gli-1, Pleckstrin Homology-Like Domain, Family A, Member 1, Transforming Growth Factor-β1/β2, and p63 in Sebaceous and Follicular Tumors Annals of Dermatology · 2014 · 8 citations
    12. Adipose Stem Cells from Type 2 Diabetic Mice Exhibit Therapeutic Potential in Wound Healing Research Square (Research Square) · 2020
    13. Transforming growth factor-β in stem cells and tissue homeostasis Bone Research · 2018 · 245 citations
    14. Exogenous IGF-1 promotes hair growth by stimulating cell proliferation and down regulating TGF-β1 in C57BL/6 mice in vivo Growth Hormone & IGF Research · 2014 · 53 citations
    15. P311 induces the transdifferentiation of epidermal stem cells to myofibroblast-like cells by stimulating transforming growth factor β1 expression Stem Cell Research & Therapy · 2016 · 24 citations
    16. Receptor tyrosine kinase Kit action in skin melanocytes: is it exclusively cell autonomous? Experimental Dermatology · 2015 · 1 citations
    17. Cytokines and growth factors influence hair growth in vitro. Possible implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of alopecia areata Archives of Dermatological Research · 1996 · 91 citations
    18. Hair growth promoting effect and action mechanism of Chrysanthemum zawadskii extract 2014
    19. Network pharmacology and in vivo experimental analysis for validating the antifibrotic potential of Punica granatum leaves against skin scleroderma: the role of oxidative stress, inflammation and TGF-β1/Snail 1/p-Smad 3 signaling pathway Inflammopharmacology · 2026
    20. Differential Expression of Fibromodulin, a Transforming Growth Factor-β Modulator, in Fetal Skin Development and Scarless Repair American Journal of Pathology · 2000 · 168 citations
    21. The control of hair growth: An overview Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 1993 · 62 citations
    22. A hypothetical pathogenesis model for androgenic alopecia: clarifying the dihydrotestosterone paradox and rate-limiting recovery factors Medical Hypotheses · 2017 · 30 citations
    23. Ginsenoside F2 Reduces Hair Loss by Controlling Apoptosis through the Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein Cleavage Activating Protein and Transforming Growth Factor-β Pathways in a Dihydrotestosterone-Induced Mouse Model Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin · 2014 · 22 citations
    24. An investigation of crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin and transforming growth factor-β signaling in androgenetic alopecia Medicine · 2016 · 18 citations
    25. Protopanaxatirol type ginsenoside Re promotes cyclic growth of hair follicles via inhibiting transforming growth factor β signaling cascades Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · 2016 · 14 citations
    26. An <i>in Vitro</i> Model for the Study of Human Hair Growth Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 1991 · 13 citations
    27. In vitro and In vivo Hair Growth Promotion Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum-Fermented Plant Extracts (MBN) 2011 · 12 citations
    28. The Study of Growth Factors in Patients with Androgenic Alopecia Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal · 2017 · 7 citations
    29. miR-129-5p Participates in Hair Follicle Growth by Targeting HOXC13 in Rabbit Genes · 2022 · 5 citations
    30. Concentrated Conditioned Medium-Loaded Silk Nanofiber Hydrogels with Sustained Release of Bioactive Factors To Improve Skin Regeneration ACS Applied Bio Materials · 2019 · 5 citations