39 citations
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May 2014 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” In this study, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Regulatory T cells were found to reduce TGF-b1 induced lung fibrosis and fibrocyte accumulation in mice, partly by suppressing fibroblast growth factor 9.
36 citations
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December 2002 in “Experimental dermatology” This study found that procyanidin B-3, a compound isolated from barley extract, may promote hair growth by enhancing hair epithelial cell growth and counteracting TGF-β1's growth-inhibiting effects in vitro and in vivo.
4 citations
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February 2022 in “PeerJ” This study found that hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells improved liver function and pathology in a mouse model of liver cirrhosis, potentially by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad pathway and reducing hepatic stellate cell activation.
19 citations
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May 2020 in “Cells” This study found that 5% primed conditioned medium from human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells significantly improved hair density, thickness, and growth rate in patients with androgenetic alopecia.
March 2026 in “Frontiers in Veterinary Science” This study found that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in secondary hair follicle-derived dermal papilla cells from cashmere goats, likely via the TGF-β2/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.