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Glossary Topical Treatments

medications applied directly to the skin or scalp

Topical treatments, also known as topical agents or topical medications, are medications applied directly to a specific area of the skin or scalp to treat localized conditions. These treatments can include creams, gels, ointments, and lotions, and are commonly used for conditions like alopecia, psoriasis, and eczema, delivering active ingredients directly to the affected area to minimize systemic side effects.

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research Nanoparticles for Topical Application in the Treatment of Skin Dysfunctions—An Overview of Dermo-Cosmetic and Dermatological Products

122 citations , December 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

In this review, researchers discussed recent advances in nanotechnology for topical skin applications, highlighting how nanocarriers enhance skin penetration and targeting in treatments for diseases like melanoma and psoriasis, while acknowledging that the penetration mechanisms and health impacts of nanoparticles remain not fully understood.

research Onion Juice (Allium cepa L.), A New Topical Treatment for Alopecia Areata

95 citations , June 2002 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

In this study, using topical crude onion juice significantly improved hair regrowth in patients with patchy alopecia areata compared to tap water.

research Vitiligo as a Reaction to Topical Treatment with Diphencyprone

55 citations , January 1988 in “Dermatology”

This study observed that 6.7% of patients treated with diphencyprone for alopecia areata developed vitiligo, with varying patterns and improvements noted among cases.

research Topical Treatment of Alopecia Areata

50 citations , July 1981 in “Archives of Dermatology”

This study found that applying dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), a contact allergen, led to hair regrowth in patients with alopecia areata, while croton oil did not have the same effect.

research Treatment of alopecia universalis with topical Janus kinase inhibitors – a double blind, placebo, and active controlled pilot study

49 citations , August 2018 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

In this phase I study, partial hair regrowth was observed in patients with alopecia universalis using topical JAK inhibitors, though more research is needed to confirm potential as a treatment alternative to clobetasol.

Treatment of Chronic Severe Alopecia Areata with Topical Diphenylcyclopropenone and 5% Minoxidil: A Clinical and Immunopathologic Evaluation

research Treatment of chronic severe alopecia areata with topical diphenylcyclopropenone and 5% minoxidil: A clinical and immunopathologic evaluation

41 citations , November 1993 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This study found that DPCP treatment led to cosmetically acceptable hair regrowth in 38% of patients with chronic severe alopecia areata, while adding 5% minoxidil showed no significant clinical benefit.

research Dorsal Skin Reactions of Hairless Dogs to Topical Treatment with Corticosteroids

36 citations , September 1999 in “Toxicologic pathology”

This study suggests that hairless dogs' skin shows sensitivity to topical corticosteroids, highlighting their potential as a model for studying the efficacy and adverse effects of these treatments on skin.

research Topical delivery of nanoemulsions for skin cancer treatment

34 citations , November 2023 in “Applied Materials Today”

This review discusses the potential of topical nanoemulsions to transform skin cancer treatment by improving drug delivery and minimizing side effects, highlighting their advantages like enhanced skin permeation and controlled release, despite existing challenges.

research RU 58841-myristate–prodrug development for topical treatment of acne and androgenetic alopecia.

26 citations , January 2005 in “PubMed”

This study reports that RU 58841-myristate, a new antiandrogen prodrug formulated with solid lipid nanoparticles, shows potential for targeting hair follicles in preclinical laboratory settings.

How Effective Is Intralesional Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide Compared with Topical Treatments in Inducing and Maintaining Hair Growth in Patients with Alopecia Areata? A Critically Appraised Topic

research How effective is intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide compared with topical treatments in inducing and maintaining hair growth in patients with alopecia areata? A Critically Appraised Topic

25 citations , February 2014 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

The authors concluded that intralesional triamcinolone acetonide may benefit patients with patch-type alopecia areata, but the evidence is limited due to small, bias-prone studies with variations in treatment protocols.

A Multicenter Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial on the Efficacy of Oral Ciclosporin A in the Treatment of Canine Idiopathic Sebaceous Adenitis Compared with Conventional Topical Treatment

research A multicentre placebo‐controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of oral ciclosporin A in the treatment of canine idiopathic sebaceous adenitis in comparison with conventional topical treatment

24 citations , May 2010 in “Veterinary dermatology”

This study found that both ciclosporin A and topical therapy were effective in reducing alopecia and scaling in dogs with idiopathic sebaceous adenitis, with evidence suggesting improved outcomes when both treatments are combined.

research A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Various Topical Treatment Modalities for Alopecia Areata

20 citations , January 2012 in “International journal of trichology”

In this study, among various treatments for localized alopecia areata, intralesional and topical steroids were found to be the most effective with no significant side effects.

research Topical Treatment for Scarring and Non-Scarring Alopecia: An Overview of the Current Evidence

19 citations , May 2021 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

This review discusses the progress in research on topical formulations for treating alopecia, highlighting potential advantages of advanced formulation technologies but reporting no new clinical results.

Severe Infliximab-Induced Alopecia and Scalp Psoriasis in a Woman with Crohn’s Disease: Dramatic Improvement After Drug Discontinuation and Treatment with Adjuvant Systemic and Topical Therapies

research Severe Infliximab-Induced Alopecia and Scalp Psoriasis in a Woman with Crohn’s Disease: Dramatic Improvement after Drug Discontinuation and Treatment with Adjuvant Systemic and Topical Therapies

19 citations , November 2016 in “Dermatology and therapy”

This study describes a case where stopping infliximab and using oral minocycline with topical treatments effectively resolved alopecia and scalp psoriasis in a woman with Crohn's disease.

research Topical Treatment of Extended Alopecia

17 citations , October 2009 in “Dermatology”

This study reported that ultraviolet light treatment from a Kromayer lamp stimulated hair growth in four out of six patients with alopecia, whereas intralesional triamcinolone acetonide had a mixed effect.

research Efficacy of topical latanoprost versus minoxidil and betamethasone valerate on the treatment of alopecia areata

15 citations , May 2017 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment”

In this study, patients with alopecia areata experienced significant hair regrowth using topical latanoprost, minoxidil, or betamethasone valerate, with the addition of latanoprost enhancing the effectiveness of betamethasone valerate, showcasing these treatments as safe and effective options.

Minoxidil Topical Treatment May Be More Efficient If Applied on Damp Scalp Compared to Dry Scalp

research Minoxidil topical treatment may be more efficient if applied on damp scalp in comparison with dry scalp

13 citations , June 2016 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

This study found that minoxidil applied to a damp scalp may increase drug penetration in vitro, potentially improving treatment effectiveness.

research Minoxidil 5% Solution for Topical Treatment of Loose Anagen Hair Syndrome

13 citations , March 2014 in “Pediatric Dermatology”

This case report observed that a 2-year-old girl with loose anagen hair syndrome experienced rapid and significant improvement without adverse effects from tapered minoxidil 5% treatment over 28 months.

Comparison of Treatment with Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% and Topical Pimecrolimus 1% in Alopecia Areata

research The comparison of treatment with clobetasol propionate 0.05% and topical pimecrolimus 1% treatment in the treatment of alopecia areata

13 citations , July 2011 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment”

This study found that topical pimecrolimus is as effective as clobetasol propionate for treating alopecia areata, with better tolerability in terms of side effects.

research Novel iron oxide nanocarriers loading finasteride or dutasteride: Enhanced skin penetration for topical treatment of alopecia

12 citations , July 2020 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics”

This study found that finasteride- and dutasteride-loaded iron oxide nanoparticles improved drug penetration in the skin, suggesting they may be promising for topical alopecia therapies.

research Topical Treatments for Scalp Psoriasis

12 citations , January 2008 in “Drugs”

This review critically assesses current topical therapies for scalp psoriasis and reports no new clinical results; the authors highlight the need for controlled trials to evaluate treatment efficacy.

research Successful Treatment of Lichen Spinulosus with Topical Tacalcitol Cream

11 citations , August 2010 in “Pediatric dermatology”

This report details two cases of Lichen spinulosus in the submental area, treated effectively and safely with topical tacalcitol cream.

research Use of topical clascoterone for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa

10 citations , April 2023 in “JAAD Case Reports”

This article discusses the challenges in treating hidradenitis suppurativa, highlighting that adalimumab is currently the only FDA-approved treatment, and reports no clinical results.

research Topical Treatment of Hair Loss with Formononetin by Modulating Apoptosis

10 citations , January 2016 in “Planta Medica”

This study found that topical formononetin treatment promoted hair regrowth in mice by normalizing hair follicle size and inhibiting apoptosis-related pathways.

research Comparative study of efficacy of topical mometasone with calcipotriol versus mometasone alone in the treatment of alopecia areata

9 citations , January 2019 in “International Journal of Trichology”

In this study, combining topical calcipotriol with mometasone results in greater improvement in alopecia areata treatment compared to using mometasone alone, as evidenced by a more significant reduction in SALT score over 24 weeks.

research Topical Treatment of Eyebrow Hypotrichosis with Bimatoprost 0.03% Solution: Case Report and Literature Review

7 citations , May 2018 in “Curēus”

In this case report, a 60-year-old woman with eyebrow hypotrichosis experienced significant and lasting eyebrow growth after daily use of bimatoprost 0.03% solution, highlighting its potential as an effective treatment for eyebrow hair restoration.

research Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Alopecia Areata in Korea: Part I Topical and Device-based Treatment

6 citations , January 2023 in “Annals of Dermatology”

This article provides new treatment guidelines for AA based on expert consensus while integrating regional healthcare variations, but it reports no new clinical results.

research Topical use of calcipotriol does not potentiate squaric acid dibutylester effectiveness in the treatment of alopecia areata

5 citations , January 1995 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment”

This study suggests that topical calcipotriol did not significantly enhance hair growth when combined with SADBE in patients with severe alopecia areata.

Topical And Transdermal Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles: An Integration In Advancing Dermatological Treatments

research Topical and transdermal lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPN): an integration in advancing dermatological treatments

5 citations , August 2025 in “Drug Delivery and Translational Research”

This review discusses lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for dermatological applications, outlining their structural and formulation advancements, but reports no new clinical results and calls for further research on their therapeutic potential.

research Emollients: application of topical treatments to the skin

5 citations , November 2007 in “British journal of nursing”

This article discusses the importance of nurses' understanding of topical emollient therapy for patients with eczema, but it does not provide new clinical results.