February 2026 in “International Journal of Recent Surgical and Medical Sciences” This review highlights that both human-derived and plant-derived exosomes show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, with human exosomes being better for targeted medicinal treatments due to their ability to transport healing drugs, while plant exosomes are more scalable and cost-effective for cosmetic applications.
13 citations
,
April 2022 in “BMC Genomics” This study found that dandruff-afflicted individuals had a less integrated microbial network on the scalp and hair surface compared to healthy individuals, with more positive interactions and unstable connections.
49 citations
,
June 2009 in “Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” This article examines differences in aging among ethnic populations and highlights cosmetic procedures specific to skin of color, but reports no new research findings.
13 citations
,
February 2019 in “Zoology” Lustre mutant sheep have normal hair structure and proteins but differ in felting properties.
80 citations
,
November 2009 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” This study found that women have more and deeper perioral wrinkles than men, possibly due to having fewer skin appendages.
12 citations
,
July 2015 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This study found that mechanical damage from grooming and environmental factors contributes to crack formation and eventual breakage in African-American hair, highlighting the need for continuous care.
This review provides a comprehensive overview of cosmetic surgical and non-surgical procedures tailored for different racial and ethnic skin types, but it reports no new clinical findings.
53 citations
,
June 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This article reviews extensive genetic polymorphisms in the keratin-associated proteins of human hair, indicating complexity but reporting no new clinical results and calls for further research on their potential impact on hair structure.
1 citations
,
January 2017 in “Evolutionary studies” This chapter discusses genetic polymorphisms related to phenotypes that differentiate between populations and reports no new results; it highlights the role of DNA technology in understanding human adaptation history.
12 citations
,
January 2015 in “Skin appendage disorders” This article illustrates that dermoscopy can quickly diagnose hair breakage due to intrinsic and chemical factors in patients of African descent, although published findings are limited.
25 citations
,
August 2015 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” This study observed significant differences in hair care practices and biologic hair parameters between Caucasian and African American women, which may contribute to varying hair fragility and growth.
February 2025 in “Journal of Tissue Viability” This scoping review suggests that physiological differences in skin structure may affect how individuals with different skin tones respond to pressure ulcer development, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention strategies.
13 citations
,
November 2007 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Keratin heterodimers are preferred for their specific and structural advantages.
6 citations
,
March 2016 in “PLoS ONE” This study characterized hair from a patient with a ribosomopathy and identified distinct differences, including reduced hair thickness and lipid content, compared to family members.
September 2024 in “Skin Research and Technology” This study used atomic force microscopy to identify significant morphological differences in hair from patients with lichen planopilaris compared to healthy controls, noting more scratches, uneven edges, and pitted scales in affected hair, which may aid future research on the condition.
22 citations
,
January 2006 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Hair follicles form hard α-keratin filaments in four steps, showing structural differences.
65 citations
,
May 2006 in “Journal of Structural Biology” This study concluded that the curliness of human hair, regardless of ethnicity, originates from the inhomogeneous internal nanostructure due to differences in the distribution of two types of cortices.
2 citations
,
December 2008 in “Journal of Chemical Crystallography” This study reports the crystal structure and geometric parameters of a modified Finasteride derivative, highlighting significant differences in dihedral angles compared to its solvated analog and computational models.
2 citations
,
January 2010 This study observed that different hair types on Tianzhu white yaks have similar ultrastructures, but coarse hair fibers show distinct structural differences across body parts.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules” This study used a new multimolecular spectral method to uncover structural differences in hair keratin from individuals with androgenetic alopecia compared to healthy individuals, identifying potential biomarkers and providing insights for developing new treatments.
3 citations
,
September 2023 in “Genes” This study analyzed the molecular evolution and functional divergence of the Dkk gene family, finding accelerated evolution in Aves and Reptilia and identifying functional differences that may impact hair follicle development via Wnt signaling inhibition.
4 citations
,
January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study proposed a network model for the cross-linked structure of keratin-associated proteins in hair and wool fibers, suggesting notable differences between the two, potentially affecting hair fiber elasticity.
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study suggests that structural changes in the TRPV3 channel are linked to severe skin conditions like Olmsted syndrome, with differences observed between heat-activated and resting states.
December 2019 in “Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences” This study found that examining the microscopic and ultramicroscopic structures of donkey and horse hair can help differentiate between the species based on distinct differences in hair cuticle and brain substance patterns.
1 citations
,
September 2025 in “PLoS ONE” This study observed that in mouse fetuses, reticular contraction by actomyosin is involved in dermal regeneration, and differences in actin and α-SMA localization may determine the switch between regeneration and scar formation, suggesting potential insights for wound regeneration therapy.
January 2014 in “Journal of the Korean Society of Design Culture” This study found that in female patients with telogen effluvium, club hair in the isthmus region was longer than in those with alopecia areata, offering insights into hair morphology differences.
5 citations
,
January 2024 in “Crystals” This study characterized the crystal structures and supramolecular architectures of new salts made from 2,4-diaminopyrimidine and different dicarboxylic acids, revealing subtle differences in crystal packing and hydrogen-bonding patterns, particularly influenced by sulfur atom interactions, through Hirshfeld analysis and enrichment ratios.
May 2025 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)” This study examined the skin transcriptomic differences between Jiangnan and Changthangi cashmere goats, identifying 4,942 differentially expressed genes that may contribute to variations in cashmere quality, with notable enrichment in various signaling pathways and structural components of hair follicles.
13 citations
,
October 2008 in “PubMed” This study examined hair curvature in Japanese women, finding that 47% have curved hair, and identified structural differences in hair fiber, which resemble those in wool fibers.
July 2009 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that 53% of Japanese women have straight hair while 47% have varying degrees of curved hair, with distinct structural differences observed in the internal makeup of curved hair fibers.