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    Glossary Smooth Muscle Cells

    Smooth muscle cells are non-striated, involuntary muscle cells found in various tissues throughout the body, including the dermal layer of the skin where hair follicles reside. They play a crucial role in regulating blood flow and the contraction of hair follicles, which can influence hair growth and loss. In the context of hair biology, the contraction of these cells can affect the hair's position and the cycle of hair growth, making them relevant in understanding conditions like alopecia and other hair loss disorders. Key distinguishing characteristics of smooth muscle cells include their spindle-shaped structure and the ability to contract slowly and rhythmically, unlike skeletal muscle cells.

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    1. Hair Follicle-Derived Smooth Muscle Cells and Small Intestinal Submucosa for Engineering Mechanically Robust and Vasoreactive Vascular Media Tissue Engineering Part A · 2010 · 50 citations
    2. Long-term Oral Administration of 5α-reductase Inhibitor Attenuates Erectile Function by Inhibiting Autophagy and Promoting Apoptosis of Smooth Muscle Cells in Corpus Cavernosum of Aged Rats Urology · 2013 · 34 citations
    3. Human hair follicle stem cell differentiation into contractile smooth muscle cells is induced by transforming growth factor-β1 and platelet-derived growth factor BB Molecular Medicine Reports · 2013 · 19 citations
    4. Changes in the Expression of Smooth Muscle Cell–Related Genes in Human Dermal Sheath Cup Cells Associated with the Treatment Outcome of Autologous Cell–Based Therapy for Male and Female Pattern Hair Loss International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2022 · 2 citations
    5. Smooth muscle cell expression of a constitutive active form of human Profilin1 accelerates cutaneous wound repair The FASEB Journal · 2011
    6. Minoxidil Stimulates Elastin Expression in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · 1994 · 33 citations
    7. Multiple congenital smooth muscle hamartoma: A case report Dermatologica Sinica · 2024
    8. Multipotent nestin-positive, keratin-negative hair-follicle bulge stem cells can form neurons Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 2005 · 419 citations
    9. Isolation of a Novel Population of Multipotent Adult Stem Cells from Human Hair Follicles American Journal Of Pathology · 2006 · 344 citations
    10. Cellular actions of testosterone in vascular cells: Mechanism independent of aromatization to estradiol Steroids · 2012 · 55 citations
    11. The Angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath Journal of Clinical Medicine · 2021 · 8 citations
    12. 0975 Single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals distinct immunopathogenic programs in alopecia totalis/universalis compared to patchy alopecia areata Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2026
    13. Data Sheet 1_SHP099-containing multi-targeting hydrogel promotes rapid skin reconstruction through modulating a variety of cells.zip Figshare · 2025
    14. Human hair follicle dermal papilla cell, dermal sheath cell and interstitial dermal fibroblast characteristics. PubMed · 1996 · 36 citations
    15. A multi-omic single-cell landscape of perinatal mouse skin maps lineage specification and reveals shared dynamics in human fetal skin Experimental & Molecular Medicine · 2026
    16. Effects of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma Exosomes on The Inductivity of Hair Dermal Papilla Cells. PubMed · 2021 · 5 citations
    17. Three-dimensional ultrastructural analysis of human skin with the arrector pili muscle interacting with the hair follicle epithelium Scientific Reports · 2025 · 1 citations
    18. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Dermal sheath contraction powers stem cell niche relocation during hair cycle regression. Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · 2020
    19. Generation and Characterization of Multipotent Stem Cells from Established Dermal Cultures PLoS ONE · 2012 · 58 citations
    20. Immunophenotypical analyses of myofibroblasts in rat excisional wound healing: possible transdifferentiation of blood vessel pericytes and perifollicular dermal sheath cells into myofibroblasts. PubMed · 2012 · 26 citations
    21. Combination of lyophilized adipose-derived stem cell concentrated conditioned medium and polysaccharide hydrogel in the inhibition of hypertrophic scarring Stem Cell Research & Therapy · 2021 · 45 citations
    22. Isolation and Characterization of Sweat Gland Myoepithelial Cells from Human Skin Cell Structure and Function · 2014 · 26 citations
    23. [Influence and mechanism of extracellular vesicles derived from human dermal papilla cells on skin fibrosis in mice]. PubMed · 2025
    24. A Mouse Model for Studying Stem Cell Effects on Regeneration of Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheaths Central European Journal of Biology · 2020
    25. Micropatterned composite membrane guides oriented cell growth and vascularization for accelerating wound healing Regenerative Biomaterials · 2022 · 19 citations
    26. The microanatomy of the distal arrector pili: possible role for α1β1 and α5β1 integrins in mediating cell‐cell adhesion and anchorage to the extracellular matrix Journal of Cutaneous Pathology · 2000 · 15 citations
    27. Electrophysiological mechanisms of minoxidil sulfate-induced vasodilation of rabbit portal vein. Circulation Research · 1989 · 47 citations
    28. Mapping Metabolism: Monitoring Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Directly in Tissue Journal of visualized experiments · 2018 · 10 citations
    29. Abstract 80 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery – Global Open · 2017
    30. Signaling by the Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Family 2009