35 citations
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January 2018 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Nanoemulsion creams with certain enhancers can greatly increase caffeine delivery through skin.
211 citations
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June 2012 The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.
1 citations
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February 2023 in “Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy”
54 citations
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October 2002 in “Journal of controlled release” Medium lipophilic substances penetrate skin best, and adding ethanol can increase delivery to hair follicles.
1 citations
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July 2005 in “Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences” Targeting drugs to hair follicles can treat skin conditions, but reaching deep follicle areas is hard and needs more research.
122 citations
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April 2011 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Particles around 100 nm can penetrate and stay in hair follicles without passing through healthy skin, making them safe for use in topical products and useful for targeted drug delivery.
82 citations
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January 2002 in “Journal of drug targeting” Drugs penetrate scalp skin better than abdominal skin, with scalp hair follicles aiding in higher drug delivery.
19 citations
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February 2014 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Encapsulated Garcinia mangostana extract in cream penetrates skin better than other forms.
15 citations
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December 2020 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Caffeine penetrates skin quickly through open hair follicles, but less through closed ones, with levels becoming equal after 22 hours.
12 citations
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September 2020 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Iron oxide nanoparticles improve skin penetration and drug release for hair loss treatment.
9 citations
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November 2015 in “Drug Delivery” Ethosomal carriers effectively deliver hair loss drug into skin.
6 citations
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December 2015 in “International journal of nanomedicine” Using sonophoresis can make it harder for certain drug-loaded liposomes to get through the skin.
1 citations
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February 2023 in “Applied sciences” The new topical growth hormone formula has high skin penetration and bioavailability.
1 citations
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December 2022 in “Pharmaceutics” 14 citations
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November 2019 in “Materials” Diamond nanoparticles can penetrate skin and reach hair follicles, useful for imaging applications.
June 2010 in “Melanoma research” LDE225 is a promising skin-applied treatment for basal cell carcinoma with good skin penetration and effectiveness.
264 citations
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January 2008 in “Journal of biomedical optics” Zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen do not penetrate deep into the skin.
94 citations
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October 2011 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles greatly increase caffeine absorption through the skin shortly after it's applied.
11 citations
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April 2011 in “Biomolecules & Therapeutics” 40 citations
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April 2019 in “Pharmaceutical development and technology” Smaller particles of the drug carrier penetrated skin better, with 300 nm size being best for targeting hair follicles.
39 citations
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February 2014 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Massage increases how deep both rigid and flexible liposomes can go into skin, with flexible ones going deeper, and covering the skin (occlusion) helps rigid ones more.
5 citations
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May 2020 in “Pharmaceutical Research” Heat and chemicals improve finasteride delivery to scalp and hair follicles, potentially enhancing treatment for hair loss.
11 citations
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October 2017 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” A new drug delivery system using oil body-bound oleosin-rhFGF-10 improves wound healing and hair growth in mice.
27 citations
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May 2010 in “Dermatologic surgery” Photodynamic therapy with methyl 5-aminolevulinic acid is ineffective for treating alopecia totalis.
15 citations
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February 2018 in “Drug Delivery and Translational Research” Certain extracts from Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. and germacrone can boost the skin's absorption of minoxidil, a hair growth promoter, making it more effective.
128 citations
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October 2009 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” PEVs improve minoxidil skin penetration, increasing hair growth.
96 citations
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April 2017 in “Oncotarget” Smaller nanoemulsions can penetrate skin and hair follicles better, which may be useful for delivering drugs and vaccines through the skin.
26 citations
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August 2013 in “Pharmaceutical Development and Technology” PEVs effectively deliver minoxidil through skin.
22 citations
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April 2018 in “Pharmaceutics” New methods improve how well skin treatments work by helping drugs get through the skin barrier.
21 citations
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July 2017 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Nano-sized lipid particles increase dexamethasone's skin penetration and create a reservoir in the skin layers.