7 citations
,
March 2017 in “Annals of Plastic Surgery” In this study, researchers developed a new variant of the Mercedes flap with releasing incisions for reconstructing medium-sized scalp defects, demonstrating complete defect closure without complications in three patients following a single operation with excellent aesthetic outcomes.
28 citations
,
May 1998 in “Skin Research and Technology” This study characterized the stress-strain properties of the human scalp and found that its stiffness increases significantly with load, providing valuable insights for planning scalp surgery procedures.
20 citations
,
February 1991 in “The Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology” This article discusses scalp reconstruction techniques using rotation flaps, with no new clinical results reported.
10 citations
,
May 2009 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This case report describes a dual transposition flap technique for closing large scalp defects post-Mohs surgery, achieving minimal alopecia and scar visibility, though it is based on a single patient.
8 citations
,
March 2009 in “Aesthetic Plastic Surgery” This study found that the "flying-wings" expanded scalp flap technique effectively restored hemiscalp defects in children following burns, achieving pleasing aesthetic results and proper hair growth direction with minimal complications.
January 2022 in “Plastic and Aesthetic Research” This review explores techniques for scalp reconstruction, focusing on local flap design and execution, without reporting new clinical findings.
Scalp flaps in hair restoration surgery provide immediate results, prevent temporal hair loss, offer great density, and allow for large hair re-allocation, making them a popular choice, especially in Asian countries.
This article reviews the history and various techniques of using microsurgical free scalp flaps for hair restoration in male pattern baldness, reporting no new research findings.
December 1994 in “The American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery” This article reviews the current basic science of angiosome theory and flap delay, applying this knowledge to modern scalp flap procedures, without reporting any new clinical findings.
16 citations
,
July 2006 in “International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery” This case report highlights the successful use of the Bardach modification of the curved tripod flap for repairing cicatricial pressure alopecia, offering a natural appearance and effective tension distribution in scalp reconstruction.
1 citations
,
June 2024 in “Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open” In this case report, successful scalp reconstruction was achieved for a 67-year-old man using a super thin DIEP flap, a technique adapted from breast reconstruction that shows promise in head and neck surgeries for improving wound contour and skin coverage.
6 citations
,
July 2013 in “Archives of Plastic Surgery” This article explains that proliferating trichilemmal tumors, originating in the hair follicle, can exhibit low-grade malignant potential, and recommends wide excision to minimize recurrence risk, but reports no new clinical findings.
1 citations
,
January 2025 in “Head & Neck” In this report, researchers highlighted the snail flap as a highly reliable and minimally invasive reconstructive technique that preserves hair and requires minimal hospitalization, making it suitable for elderly or frail patients with moderate scalp defects.
1 citations
,
August 2023 in “International Journal of Surgery Case Reports” In this study, free flaps, specifically the ALT-free tissue transfer, were found to be safe and reliable for reconstructing large scalp defects requiring both scalp and skull repairs, with consistent results observed in clinical applications.
2 citations
,
December 2019 in “Archives of Craniofacial Surgery” This report describes successful scalp resurfacing using serial tissue expansion with a tissue expander in two patients with large lesions, suggesting this method can effectively treat extensive hairless scalp areas.
January 2024 in “Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery/Indian journal of plastic surgery” This case report describes a flap advancement technique following skin expansion as a successful method to address primary essential cutis verticis gyrata, preserving hair growth and improving cosmetic outcomes.
8 citations
,
January 1986 in “The Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology” This article discusses surgical treatments for male pattern hair loss in black individuals, emphasizing the need for technique adjustments due to specific characteristics of black skin and hair, but reports no new clinical results.
October 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This case report describes a new approach in which staged follicular unit extraction hair transplantation onto a free flap successfully addressed severe alopecia following scalp reconstruction, providing high patient satisfaction and expanding options for post-oncologic alopecia management.
6 citations
,
June 2016 in “Journal of Craniofacial Surgery” This study reports that using a combined approach of free osteoseptocutaneous fibula flap and temporal artery-based scalp flap provided satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcomes in reconstructing gunshot-inflicted composite mandibular defects in males.
10 citations
,
July 1981 in “Archives of Otolaryngology-head & Neck Surgery” This article reviews scalp flap surgery for hair restoration, emphasizing its ability to provide immediate and natural hair coverage compared to traditional hair transplantation, and reports no new clinical results.
2 citations
,
February 2021 in “European Journal of Plastic Surgery” This study found that the Fibonacci 'snail' flap for scalp defect reconstruction healed faster and resulted in better aesthetic outcomes than skin grafts, though not all complication rate differences were statistically significant.
February 2025 in “Dermatologic Surgery” This review examines the historical evolution of hair transplantation techniques over 200 years, highlighting key milestones and advancements but does not present new clinical findings.
August 2025 in “Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers)” This study describes a successful reconstructive A-T flap surgery on a 74-year-old male with a 35mm basal cell carcinoma on the scalp, resulting in a 50mm defect, with no complications and optimal functional and cosmetic outcomes reported.
June 2024 in “Archives of Plastic Surgery” In this case report, a 44-year-old woman underwent a successful hair transplantation using follicular unit extraction on a myocutaneous free flap, resulting in an 80 to 85% hair survival rate after 12 months and significant improvement in external alopecia aesthetics.
October 2022 in “Hair Transplantation” This review discusses techniques for repairing large scalp defects, emphasizing the combination of older methods like scalp reduction and tissue expansion with modern hair restoration surgery to achieve satisfactory results, despite challenges like compromised scalp viability due to factors like trauma or radiation.
9 citations
,
June 2014 in “Journal of Craniofacial Surgery” The authors concluded that using an expanded temporoparieto-occipital scalp flap for sideburn reconstruction provides satisfactory hair direction and inconspicuous scars in both the donor and recipient areas, with few complications.
April 2024 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” This research review explores an algorithmic approach to scalp reconstruction, emphasizing the importance of considering defect location, size, and local scalp anatomy in optimizing cosmetic and functional surgical outcomes.
In this retrospective analysis, researchers evaluated 54 patients undergoing soft tissue reconstruction for scalp and forehead defects and reported excellent aesthetic outcomes with local flaps for defects up to 50 cm², while larger defects typically required additional skin grafting.
66 citations
,
October 2006 in “Journal of Surgical Oncology” This review discusses current techniques for scalp reconstruction following oncologic surgery and reports no new clinical outcomes, emphasizing the importance of tailored approaches for satisfactory closure.
50 citations
,
May 1999 in “Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery” This study concluded that microsurgical reconstruction is a reliable method to achieve stable coverage of large, complex scalp defects, although cancer control rates were poor.