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GlossaryRoot Hair Elongation

process where root hairs grow longer to absorb nutrients

Root hair elongation refers to the process by which root hairs, the tiny hair-like structures on the surface of plant roots, grow longer. This growth increases the surface area of the root, enhancing the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. For professionals, it's important to note that this process involves cell wall loosening and expansion, driven by hormonal signals like auxins and environmental factors such as soil moisture and nutrient availability.

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research Root Hair Defective Six-Like 4 (RSL4) Promotes Root Hair Elongation by Transcriptionally Regulating the Expression of Genes Required for Cell Growth

75 citations, July 2016 in “New phytologist”

The protein RSL4 is crucial for making root hairs longer by controlling genes related to cell growth.

Comparative Proteomics Indicates That Biosynthesis of Pectic Precursors Is Important for Cotton Fiber and Arabidopsis Root Hair Elongation

research Comparative Proteomics Indicates That Biosynthesis of Pectic Precursors Is Important for Cotton Fiber and Arabidopsis Root Hair Elongation

169 citations, September 2010 in “Molecular & cellular proteomics”

Pectin biosynthesis is essential for the growth of cotton fibers and Arabidopsis root hairs.

research Glabrous Inflorescence Stems3 Binds to and Activates RHD2 and RHD4 Genes to Promote Root Hair Elongation in Arabidopsis

September 2023 in “Plant journal”

A protein called GIS3 is important for the growth of root hairs in Arabidopsis by controlling two genes with the help of certain growth signals.

research Proline-Rich Protein-Like PRPL1 Controls Elongation of Root Hairs in Arabidopsis Thaliana

37 citations, August 2014 in “Journal of experimental botany”

A gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtPRPL1, affects root hair length but not cell wall composition.

research O-Glycosylated Cell Wall Proteins Are Essential in Root Hair Growth

274 citations, June 2011 in “Science”

Proteins with added sugars are crucial for plant root hair growth.

research AXR3 and SHY2 Interact to Regulate Root Hair Development

157 citations, October 2003 in “Development”

AXR3 and SHY2 genes control the growth and timing of root hair development in plants.

Cell Surface Receptor Kinase FERONIA Linked to Nutrient Sensor TORC Signaling Controls Root Hair Growth at Low Temperature Linked to Low Nitrate in Arabidopsis Thaliana

research Cell Surface Receptor Kinase FERONIA Linked to Nutrient Sensor TORC Signaling Controls Root Hair Growth at Low Temperature Linked to Low Nitrate in Arabidopsis Thaliana

2 citations, January 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

A protein called FERONIA helps control root hair growth in response to cold and low nitrogen by activating nutrient-sensing pathways in a plant called Arabidopsis.

research Class III Peroxidases PRX01, PRX44, and PRX73 Control Root Hair Growth in Arabidopsis Thaliana

19 citations, May 2022 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

PRX01, PRX44, and PRX73 are essential for root hair growth in Arabidopsis thaliana.

research The TOR–Auxin Connection Upstream of Root Hair Growth

20 citations, January 2021 in “Plants”

High energy boosts root hair growth in plants, while low energy stops it.

research The SYP123-VAMP727 SNARE Complex Is Involved in the Delivery of Inner Cell Wall Components to the Root Hair Shank in Arabidopsis

2 citations, December 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

The SYP123-VAMP727 complex is important for transporting materials that harden the root hair shank in Arabidopsis.

research OsCSLD1 Mediates NH4+-Dependent Root Hair Growth Suppression and AMT1;2 Expression in Rice

1 citations, December 2022 in “Plants”

CSLD1 suppresses rice root hair growth with NH4+ and regulates AMT1;2 expression.

Bacillus Subtilis Promotes Plant Phosphorus Acquisition Through Phosphorus Solubilization and Stimulation of Root and Root Hair Growth

research Bacillus Subtilis Promotes Plant Phosphorus Acquisition Through Phosphorus Solubilization and Stimulation of Root and Root Hair Growth

May 2024 in “Physiologia Plantarum”

Bacillus subtilis helps plants get more phosphorus and grow better roots.

research Regulation of Phytohormones on the Growth and Development of Plant Root Hair

24 citations, March 2022 in “Frontiers in plant science”

Plant root hair growth is mainly controlled by hormones like auxin and ethylene, which promote growth, while others like brassinosteroid inhibit it.

research The Molecular Link Between Auxin and ROS-Mediated Polar Root Hair Growth

March 2017 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

Plant root hair growth is controlled by the hormone auxin, which affects the production of certain oxygen-related molecules through a specific process.

research BUZZ: An Essential Gene for Postinitiation Root Hair Growth and a Mediator of Root Architecture in Brachypodium Distachyon

July 2023 in “New phytologist”

The BUZZ gene is important for root hair growth and overall root structure in the plant Brachypodium distachyon.

research The Zinc Finger Protein 3 of Arabidopsis Thaliana Regulates Vegetative Growth and Root Hair Development

January 2024 in “Frontiers in plant science”

The zinc finger protein 3 in Arabidopsis thaliana reduces plant growth and root hair development.

Reshaped DNA Methylation Cooperating with Homoeolog-Divergent Expression Promotes Improved Root Traits in Synthesized Tetraploid Wheat

research Reshaped DNA Methylation Cooperating with Homoeolog-Divergent Expression Promotes Improved Root Traits in Synthesized Tetraploid Wheat

February 2024 in “New phytologist”

DNA changes in tetraploid wheat improve root growth and nitrogen use.

Hypaphorine, an Indole-3-Acetic Acid Antagonist Delivered by the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Pisolithus Tinctorius, Induces Reorganization of Actin and the Microtubule Cytoskeleton in Eucalyptus Globulus ssp. Bicostata Root Hairs

research Hypaphorine, an Indole-3-Acetic Acid Antagonist Delivered by the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Pisolithus Tinctorius, Induces Reorganization of Actin and the Microtubule Cytoskeleton in Eucalyptus Globulus ssp. Bicostata Root Hairs

32 citations, December 2003 in “Planta”

Hypaphorine from a fungus changes the internal structure of Eucalyptus root hairs, stopping their growth.

research Remodelling of Cytoskeleton and Plasma Membrane Proteins Contributes to Drought Sensitivity of Arabidopsis Rhd2 Mutant

July 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

The Arabidopsis rhd2 mutant is more sensitive to drought because of changes in cell membrane proteins and cell structure.

ATP-Competitive mTOR Kinase Inhibitors Delay Plant Growth by Triggering Early Differentiation of Meristematic Cells Without Developmental Patterning Change

research ATP-Competitive mTOR Kinase Inhibitors Delay Plant Growth by Triggering Early Differentiation of Meristematic Cells Without Developmental Patterning Change

161 citations, August 2013 in “Journal of experimental botany”

Certain inhibitors slow down plant growth by causing early cell specialization without changing the cell development pattern.

research Integration of Ethylene and Auxin Signaling and the Developmental Consequences of Their Crosstalk

4 citations, October 2014 in “Springer eBooks”

Ethylene and auxin hormones interact in complex ways that are essential for plant growth and development.

research Auxin And Ethylene: Collaborators Or Competitors?

356 citations, March 2012 in “Trends in Plant Science”

Auxin and ethylene hormones both work together and against each other to control plant growth.

research Root Hair Growth in Arabidopsis Thaliana Is Directed by Calcium and an Endogenous Polarity

200 citations, November 1997 in “Planta”

Calcium affects where root hairs grow, but other unknown factors determine their growth direction.

research Cis-Element and Transcriptome-Based Screening of Root Hair-Specific Genes and Their Functional Characterization in Arabidopsis

188 citations, May 2009 in “Plant physiology”

Researchers found 19 genes important for root hair growth in a plant called Arabidopsis.

Cell Wall-Associated Root Hair Specific 10, a Proline-Rich Receptor-Like Kinase, Is a Negative Modulator of Arabidopsis Root Hair Growth

research Cell Wall-Associated Root Hair Specific 10, a Proline-Rich Receptor-Like Kinase, Is a Negative Modulator of Arabidopsis Root Hair Growth

33 citations, February 2016 in “Journal of Experimental Botany”

ROOT HAIR SPECIFIC 10 (RHS10) reduces the length of root hairs in Arabidopsis plants.

research High Auxin and High Phosphate Impact on RSL2 Expression and ROS Homeostasis Linked to Root Hair Growth in Arabidopsis Thaliana

27 citations, August 2018 in “Frontiers in Plant Science”

High levels of auxin increase root hair growth by activating RSL2 and producing ROS, while high phosphate levels hinder growth by repressing RSL2.

research Differential Auxin-Transporting Activities of PIN-Formed Proteins in Arabidopsis Root Hair Cells

122 citations, May 2010 in “Plant Physiology”

Different PIN proteins affect plant root hair growth by changing how auxin is transported.

White Lupin Cluster Root Acclimation to Phosphorus Deficiency and Root Hair Development Involve Unique Glycerophosphodiester Phosphodiesterases

research White Lupin Cluster Root Acclimation to Phosphorus Deficiency and Root Hair Development Involve Unique Glycerophosphodiester Phosphodiesterases

80 citations, April 2011 in “Plant physiology”

White lupin uses specific genes to grow root hairs and access phosphorus when it's scarce.

research Arabinogalactan Proteins Are Involved in Root Hair Development in Barley

32 citations, December 2014 in “Journal of experimental botany”

Certain proteins are essential for the growth of root hairs in barley.

research An Endophytic Microbe From An Unusual Volcanic Swamp Corn Seeks And Inhabits Root Hair Cells To Extract Rock Phosphate

26 citations, October 2017 in “Scientific reports”

A special microbe helps plants absorb rock phosphate by growing on their root hairs.