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    Glossary Protein Structure

    three-dimensional shape of a protein determining its function

    Protein structure refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a protein molecule. This structure is crucial because it determines the protein's function in biological processes. Proteins fold into specific shapes, which can be described at four levels: primary (sequence of amino acids), secondary (local folding into alpha-helices and beta-sheets), tertiary (overall 3D shape), and quaternary (assembly of multiple protein subunits). Proper folding is essential for the protein's activity, and misfolding can lead to diseases.

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    1. Raman Microspectroscopy of Hair Cuticle With Polarized Excitation: Problem of Protein Secondary and Tertiary Structure Journal of Raman Spectroscopy · 2025
    2. Insights into structural and proteomic alterations related to pH‐induced changes and protein deamidation in hair International Journal of Cosmetic Science · 2024
    3. Characterization of Human KAP24.1, A Cuticular Hair Keratin-Associated Protein with Unusual Amino-Acid Composition and Repeat Structure 2007 · 51 citations
    4. Molecular modeling and structural characterization of a high glycine–tyrosine hair keratin associated protein 2017 · 16 citations
    5. Study on the skin structure, hair follicle cycle, and GSDMA protein expression in Ganxi goats Frontiers in Veterinary Science · 2025 · 1 citations
    6. Locations of synthesis of hair structural proteins in human anagen follicles British Journal of Dermatology · 1996 · 7 citations
    7. Structural change of keratin protein in human hair by permanent waving treatment Polymer · 1998 · 70 citations
    8. Structural behavior of keratin-associated protein 8.1 in human hair as revealed by a monoclonal antibody Journal of Structural Biology · 2018 · 3 citations
    9. The structure of human trichohyalin. Potential multiple roles as a functional EF-hand-like calcium-binding protein, a cornified cell envelope precursor, and an intermediate filament-associated (cross-linking) protein Journal of Biological Chemistry · 1993 · 161 citations
    10. Structure and expression of genes for a class of cysteine-rich proteins of the cuticle layers of differentiating wool and hair follicles. 1990 · 67 citations
    11. Advances in structure-based drug design targeting membrane protein markers in prostate cancer Drug Discovery Today · 2024 · 5 citations
    12. The structure of human trichohyalin : potential multiple roles as a functional ef-hand-like calcium-binding protein, a cornified cell envelope precursor, and an intermediate filament-associated (cross-linking) protein 1993 · 2 citations
    13. An investigation of the association between structural proteins and lipids with scalp hair curvature Open University of Cape Town (University of Cape Town) · 2025
    14. Human Trichohyalin Gene Is Clustered with the Genes for Other Epidermal Structural Proteins and Calcium-Binding Proteins at Chromosomal Locus 1q21 1993
    15. Human hair keratin-associated proteins: Sequence regularities and structural implications Journal of Structural Biology · 2006 · 52 citations
    16. Structure and hair follicle-specific expression of genes encoding the rat high sulfur protein B2 family Gene · 1998 · 12 citations
    17. CosmeticPotential of a Structural Protein CopolymerBased on Silk, Elastin, and Keratin OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) · 2025
    18. Structural Characterization and Ligand Specific Protein Interactions of Androgen Receptor The Knowledge Bank (The Ohio State University) · 2008
    19. Trichohyalin: A structural protein of hair, tongue, nail, and epidermis 1993 · 27 citations
    20. The role of keratin proteins and their genes in the growth, structure and properties of hair Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · 1997 · 228 citations
    21. Protein chains in hair and epidermal keratin IF: Structural features and spatial arrangements Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · 1997 · 5 citations
    22. Molecular Evolution and Protein Structure Variation of Dkk Family Genes · 2023 · 3 citations
    23. Carbonylation of hair proteins: A robust biomarker of molecular and structural oxidative damage in hair fibres International Journal of Cosmetic Science · 2025
    24. Proteomic tools for the investigation of human hair structural proteins and evidence of weakness sites on hair keratin coil segments Analytical biochemistry · 2011 · 38 citations
    25. Effect of thermal treatments on the structural change and the hemostatic property of hair extracted proteins Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces · 2020 · 8 citations
    26. Structural insights into SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its natural mutants found in Mexican population Scientific Reports · 2021 · 44 citations
    27. SARS-CoV-2 Non-Structural Proteins and Their Roles in Host Immune Evasion Viruses · 2022 · 52 citations
    28. Structure and Mechanical Properties of Human Trichocyte Keratin Intermediate Filament Protein Biomacromolecules · 2012 · 51 citations
    29. Keratins: Dynamic, flexible structural proteins of epithelial cells Current problems in dermatology · 2001 · 13 citations
    30. Analysis of Keratin-Associated Protein-7 (KRTAP7) protein structure and function in Indian dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences · 2026